The Salmon 102 
tide. At high tide, however, many fish turn and go down the river 
on days most suitable for their travelling upstream. 
Taking the season as a whole, more fish are caught with the nets 
on their way down the river than there are on their way up. From 
May until the end of July fish coming up with the tide are far more 
eager to push forward than those ascending at any other part of the 
season, very few remaining in tidal water during summer. In the 
early autumn, however, large numbers of fish coming up with the tide, 
return to the estuary again, and remain there until the temperature of 
the weather or the water induces them to push forward. Both high 
winds and floods induce fish to move upstream. During August and 
September floods need not be higher than from four to six feet to 
bring them off the banks below. While they remain in the lower parts 
of the river they lose their silvery appearance, become red in colour, 
and show signs of the spawning season coming on them. Often when 
fish are running well in a moderate-sized flood, they cease to run 
altogether if the river rise much higher, or, as the fishermen say, the 
high water “puts them back.” The largest number run when the 
river clears up, one day or, it may be, two days after the flood. 
Throughout spring most of our fish are caught on the sunny side 
of the river, showing that they keep to this side. In the autumn, 
again, they are got on both sides. I am inclined to think that fish 
coming in from the sea, run up with the tide and fall back again as it 
ebbs, and do not proceed up the river again until wind and water are 
favourable for their pushing right forward. If this were not so, I am 
afraid they would have little chance of escaping the nets, for on four 
occasions during twenty-four hours and twenty-four a week they would 
run the risk of being caught. As a rule, when fish are collecting 
in the estuary, it is chiefly the ones that have just come from the sea 
that are caught by the nets, and very few red ones. The latter, how- 
ever, are captured when a flood comes and they begin to leave the 
banks. When everything is favourable for fish running, the best 
conditioned ones are to be met with. On days that are unsuitable for 
running, many of the fish are thin, and a greater number in proportion 
Q 
