32 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
or else become pups, and finally assume the perfect state. Last 
autumn they were again very abundant. 
In the ‘Gardener’s Chronicle’ for 1868 (part 1, p. 295), a 
paper was published by Mr. J. Barnes, of Bicton, on the “ Ravages 
of Oak-galls.’’ In this paper a list of “‘ Varieties of Oak on which 
Cynips Kollari is found,” occurs, and as Miss Ormerod has copied 
the same into her ‘Manual of Injurious Insects’ (p. 213), an 
analysis may not be considered out of place in these pages. 
Quercus Tauzin and Q. pyrenaica are synonyms of Q. Toza, 
Bose. 
Q. Turneri, a supposed hybrid, is placed by DeCandolle under 
Q. lusitanica. 
Q. pedunculata, Q. pendula, Q. pubescens, Q. sessiliflora, 
Q. Louettii, and Q. heterophylla, are all forms of Q. Robur, L. 
The above are known to me as affected by Cynips Kollari. 
Q. australis, Link, is a synonym of Q. lusitanica, Webb, on 
which I have not yet seen C. Kollari, excepting on the supposed 
variety Clusii, DC., the Q. T'urneri, Willd. 
Q. dentata, Wats., and Q. asplenifolia, Hort., are forms of 
Q. Cerris, L., on which C. Kollari has probably never been found. 
It is not unlikely that varicties of @. Robur are meant by these 
names. Q. magna-maculata is also most likely a form of the 
same. 
Q. dentata, Thunb., is a Japanese oak; and Q. mongolica, 
Fisch., a native of Amur, Mandschuria, and Dahuria. 
Q. alba, L., Q. rubra, L., and Q. prinus, L. (of which Q. mon- 
tana is only a synonym), are all North American species; while 
Q. wxalapensis, Humb. and Bonpl., is from Mexico. I have not 
yet seen C. Kollari on either a Japanese or an American oak, 
though every facility for their spread occurs at Kew; I have 
seen branches touching, and even intermingling with, galled 
branches of Q. Robur without becoming affected. Possibly some 
of the names represent forms of our common oak, which exists in 
collections under a host of names. If, on the other hand, this 
gall really does occur on the species in question, it is a most 
interesting fact. 
In conclusion, I would say that it will give me much pleasure 
to forward the name of any extra-European oak, on receipt of a 
small gall-bearing branch of the same. 
Royal Herbarium, Kew, December 18, 1882, 
