NATURAL LOCALITIES OF BRITISH COLEOPTERA. - 7 
among elms; the larve of the Longicorns, and many of the 
Elateride, undergo all their changes in solid or rotten wood and 
under bark, whereas the great majority of the perfect insects 
are found by beating and sweeping under totally different con- 
ditions; many, however, of the Elaters and Longicorns in their 
perfect state may be taken more abundantly in sitw out of the 
wood, before they have left their first abode, or after they have 
returned to it to prepare for future generations. 
The old gnarled branches that jut out from the tops and sides 
of trees are very productive, but difficult to get at; these and the 
lower dead boughs will sometimes yield such things as Platydema, 
Cistela ceramboides, Haplocnemus, and Conopalpus (the latter in 
abundance) ; Phiwophilus Edwardsii, Tetratoma desmaresti, and 
others may be obtained in some localities, the former in great 
numbers, by tapping dead boughs on standing trees over an 
umbrella or sheet. Numerous species of Anobiide, Ptinide, 
Cisside, and Scolytide may be procured by examining dead 
boughs or branches, or better, by collecting any that seem at all 
infested, and keeping them at home in boxes, when great quanti- 
ties may sometimes be bred out. 
Very strong tools are required for wood-working ; by far the 
most serviceable weapon is the miniature pickaxe (axe one side 
and mattock the other), referred to Entom. xy. 61, which was 
designed by Mr. Matthews (not by Mr. Crotch, as there stated), 
which is most effectual; a fern-trowel or tack-extractor is, 
however, quite sufficient for ordinary bark and rotten-wood 
working. 
Perhaps a short list of some of the better wood-beetles, and 
the trees with which they have been found connected, may form 
a fitting conclusion for this subject. 
The Scotch fir, and other trees of the same kind, appear to 
yield the largest number of species. Under fir-bark the following 
have occurred :—Dendrophagus crenatus, Pytho depressus, Xantho- 
linus lentus, Quedius levigatus, Rhizophagus politus, Zilora ferru- 
ginea, Salpingus ater, Pissodes notatus, &e.; Polygraphus pubes- 
cens, Carphoborus pilosus, Cis punctulatus, Cryphalus abietis, 
Lissodema 4-pustulatum, and many Tomici, breed in fir twigs 
and branches ; and besides these and many others, Cryptophagus 
parallelus, EHrnobius nigrinus, Hylastes cunicularius, Tetratoma 
ancora, Dircea levigata, Orchesia minor, Mycetophagus fulvicollis, 
