172 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
in the case of S. hyperanthus would probably be a disadvantage 
to the insect, as the usual round spots on the under side of the 
wings resemble very closely the oak spangles, so that the imago, 
when at rest with closed wings, would more easily escape being 
detected by birds. 
GynanprocuRomisM.—In this class I place those aberrations 
in which, the two sexes being generally of different colours, the 
female is more or less of the colour of the male. Odonestis 
potataria is usually of a buff colour in the female, and dark brown 
in the male. I have a specimen in which the female is precisely 
of the colour of the male. This was taken in the New Forest, 
and I have seen many others. In the genus Lycena the males 
of several species are blue, and the females brown or blackish. In 
specimens of the female of Lycena icarus, of which I have a score 
or more in my cabinet, the females have the wings more or less 
of the blue colour usual in the male. This occurs also occa- 
sionally in LZ. adonis and ZL. corydon. This assumption by the 
female of the colour of the male is found in several species 
of Lepidoptera. 
HERMAPHRODITISM.—I have found this a very rare condition of 
Lepidoptera, and have never taken one myself. When it does 
occur the wings and antenne on one side are often coloured and 
formed exactly as in the male, and on the other side as in the 
female. It has been found in Lyc@éna icarus, in which case the 
peculiarity is very marked, as the wings on one side are blue and 
on the other brown. The insect indeed appears equally divided 
down the middle of the head, thorax, and body, into the two 
sexes. Hermaphroditism occurs also in varying proportions. I 
have observed it in Satyrus semele, and in some moths. It is 
found more frequently amongst hybrids, and has been observed 
in those between Smerinthus populi and S. ocellatus. Ocea- 
sionally the wings of hermaphrodites appear as if quartered, the 
upper right wing and the lower left being of one sex, and the left 
upper and lower right vice versd. 
I now pass on to the Orthopecilic sections :— 
PoLyMorPHIsM.—'The most remarkable species amongst the 
British Geometride illustrating this condition are the two allied 
Cidarie, Cidaria russata and C. immanata. The variation is, I 
think, greatest in the former species. C.russata has the broad 
central bar of the upper wings either black, brown, red, or grey, 
