196 



Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. XV, 



almost always separate from the other two. 1 A may either 

 anastomose or coalesce with Cu and seldom appears as a 

 separate vein for its entire length, while 2 A is usually fused 

 with 1 A at least at the base. 



The usual cross veins are found represented in the order, 

 but it is unusual to find a wing in which they all occur. The 

 humeral cross vein is usually either absent or obscured by the 

 thickening of the veins in that region. Radial cross vein is 

 almost always present. The Radio-medial cross vein is absent 

 except in a single group of families of which the Carabidas are 

 typical. The medial cross vein and the medio-cubital cross 

 veins are usually found normally. 



CHPYSOMEUDAE 



IS CERAMBVCTDAE „,„ 



CHRVSOMELIDAE YT BOSTPICHIDAE 



cEPAMBranAE 



SPONDYLWAE 



IS HYPOTHLTICAL TVPE 



Fig. 3. 



I. Acaemops hivittatiis Say. 



II. Teiraopes femoratus Lee. 



III. Chrysochus auratus Fab. 



IV. Desmocerus palliatus Forst. 

 V. Donacia sp? 



VI. Bostrychns bicornus Web. 

 VII. Monohomus confusor Kby. 

 VIII. Parandra briinnea Fab. 

 IX. Hypothetical Coleopterous 

 Type. 



LINES OF MODIFICATION. 



One of the most striking lines of modification is to be found 

 in the fusion of tips of the veins in the apical area and a pushing 

 back of the primary venation toward the base of the wing. 

 The veins are replaced by secondary solid thickenings or 



