1922] Kershaw and Muir: Geyiitalia of Homoptera 207 



The Cicadidas differ from all other Cicadoidea and Ful- 

 goroidea in that the coxites of the eighth sternites, or gl, are not 

 incorporated into the pygofer, whereas in all the other families 

 they are. 



Fiilgoroidea. 



In the Fulgoroidea we have a third type, which is a 

 development of the Cercopid type. There is a complete pygofer 

 often forming a more or less complete chitinous ring, one pair 

 of articulate genital styles and an eedeagus, which is often 

 very complex. The genus Tettigometra is an exception, for 

 along with other Cicadoidean characters it has a pygofer 

 similar to Cercopids, with two pairs of styles. In the genus 

 Hilda gl are more completely amalgamated to the pygofer. 

 On account of the availability of material Perkmsiella sacchar- 

 icida Kirk (Delphacidce) has been selected as a type, although 

 its small size makes it unsuitable for observing the development. 



In the female nymph the ninth tergite forms nearly a com- 

 plete circle, having a small opening on the ventral aspect 

 (Figs. 12, 9), the anal segment and genital area being sunk 

 into this ring. At the posterior edge of the eighth sternite, 

 between the lateral margins of the ninth tergite, arises the 

 gonapophyses. Only the paired gl and the single, median g2 

 are visible, but upon dissecting the g3 are found beneath the 

 larger anterior processes (Fig. 13) ; g2 is not bilobed at the apex. 

 The homologies of the adult processes can be demonstrated by 

 the apices of the processes of the immature imago lying within 

 the nymphal processes. They are similar to those of the 

 Cercopidae, but much longer, and as the imago develops 

 within the nymph the base of the ovipositor has to move 

 forward towards the thorax, taking along with it the median 

 portion of the preceding sternites. This causes the abdominal 

 sternites of the adult to be V-shaped and the ovipositor to 

 appear as if arising far anterior to the apex of the abdomen. 

 The pygofer is also carried forward so that it is long and narrow. 

 In many Fulgorids the ovipositor is short and projects beyond 

 the end of the abdomen, or is nearly or quite abortive; in these 

 cases the abdominal sternites are not V-shape. 



In the male nymph of P. saccharicida the ninth tergite is 

 similar to that of the female, but the gonapophyses are much 



