578 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 
Treatment: protect base of tree with wire netting. Dig out the young 
borers in the fall. Cut and burn badly infested trees. 
7 Pear midge (Diplosis pyrivora). Dwarfed, deformed 
fruit drops early, and within occur thick bodied, pale yellow maggots. 
Treatment: destroy infested fruit. 
8 Peach bark borer (Scolytus rugulosus). Bark of 
affected trees punctured with many small, circular holes, made by brown- 
ish black beetles less than 1 in. long. Inner portions of bark and sap 
wood filled with burrows. | 
Treatment: burn badly infested trees. Apply carbolic soap wash to 
trunks and limbs in early spring. 
9 Pear blight beetle (Xyleborus dispar). Bark of af- 
fected trees punctured with many small, circular holes made by dark 
brown beetles about 1 in. long. Inner portions of bark and sap wood 
filled with burrows. 
Treatment: burn badly infested trees. 
10 17 year cicada (Cicada septendecim). Sht and 
broken twigs with wilting leaves are characteristic work of this insect, 
but unless the trees are small not much damage is done. 
Prevention: avoid setting out trees in last few years before cicadas are 
due. 
11 Apple tree bark louse (Mytilaspis pomorum). Bark 
infested with brownish scales shaped like oyster shells. Occurs on many 
other trees. Winter passed as white eggs under old scales, the young ap- 
pearing about June r. 
Treatment: spray young with kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap 
solution. 
12, Scurfy bark louse (Chionaspis furfurus)>) Phe 
whitish, scurfy scales occur on the bark of fruit trees. The purplish eggs 
remain under old scales all winter, the young appearing about June r. 
Treatment: spray young with kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap. 
13 San Jose scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus). A small 
circular scale not readily seen unless very abundant. Infests many trees 
and shrubs. The specimens show variations in the appearance of the 
scales and how it may be disseminated by budding. Young appear from 
early June till cold weather. 
Treatment: destroy badly infested trees, specially if young, and spray 
others thoroughly with kerosene emulsion or whale oil soap solution. 
Fumigate with gas. 
