REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST, 1898 169 
cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus Wils., and the yellow-billed cuckoo, 
Coccyzus americanus Linn. It will be found true as a rule, that in cities 
where these birds are absent or have been driven out by the English 
sparrows, this: pest flourishes, while in the country, where the native birds 
are more abundant, this insect is rarely injurious. 
The insect parasites of this species are extremely valuable allies and 
should be encouraged in every practical manner. ‘The recent extensive 
studies of these by Dr L. O. Howard (see citation), have made valuable 
and very material additions to our knowledge of these interesting forms. He 
has shown that in Washington, D. C., Pimpla inguisitor Say and Chalcis 
ovata Say (fig. 2, 3) are the two species most effective in controlling this 
pest, and that large numbers of the former insect hibernate as larvae 
within the cocoons of the host, while in no instance was the latter para- 
site reared from cocoons of WVoéolophus taken the previous winter. He 

Fig. 3: CHALCIS OVATA: a, pupa; 4, parasitized pupa of Vofolophus ; c, adult; d, outline of same 
from side; e, pupal exuvium—enlarged (after Howard: U. S. Dep’t agriculture, Division 
entomology. ‘Tech. ser. no, 5, 1897). 
has also shown that when hymenopterous parasites are comparatively 
scarce, certain tachinids may destroy large numbers of this pest, the. 
more important being Zachina mella Walk., Frontina frenchii Will. 
and Luphorocera claripennis Macq. Besides those mentioned above, 
Dr Howard gives the following as primary parasites of this species: 
Pimpla conquisitor Say, Pimpla annulipes Say, Amorphota orgyiae How., 
Meteorus communis Cres., Meteorus hyphantriae Riley, Limneria sp., 
Limneria valida Cres., Theronia fulvescens Brullé, Apanteles delicatus 
