REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST, I898 197 
feeding on this species, though from this batrachian being confined to 
the ground and occurring more abundantly in cultivated fields, it is 
hardly probably that as a rule it devours many of the caterpillars. 
Remedies and preventives. When this species appears in orchards 
or attacks a few cherished trees on the lawn or elsewhere, most of the 
methods recommended for the apple-tree tent caterpillar can be employed 
against it successfully. The difficulty is not so much in controlling this 
insect in the fruit orchard and on highly valued trees, as in the forests. 
The ravages in the wood lands and the extensive sugar orchards can 
rarely be successfully met by the foregoing methods. In these localities 
the expense attendant upon the collection of the egg belts or spraying 
the trees with poison would be prohibitive in most instances. Ina 
general way, recourse must be had to preventive measures. Our native 
insectivorous birds should be protected from hunters and encouraged in 
every possible manner. ‘Their efficient services alone should do much to 
abate the nuisance. ‘The insect enemies of this species should be pre- 
served from destruction whenever possible. In case of very severe out- 
breaks, such as have occurred this year and last, it may be found 
advisable to burn over the defoliated areas just after the caterpillars have 
pupated, and before the moths emerge, provided there is not enough 
inflammable matter on the surface to produce a fire that would seriously 
injure the trees. The burning would have to be conducted with caution, 
but wherever practicable, it would result in the destruction of many 
insects. | 
Bibliography 
Hubner, Jacob. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. ? 1822. 
p. 122 (described, as AZalacosoma). 
Emmons, Ebenezer. Natural history of New York. Agriculture. 
1854. p. 240, 241, pl. 37, fig. 2, 4, a, g (brief notice, as C. neustria). 
Fitch, Asa. N. Y. State agricultural society. Transactions. 1855. 
1856. p. 430,431 (extended account); the same in Insects of New York. 
1st-2d Report. 1856. p. 198, 199; N. Y. State agricultural society. 
Transactions. 1856. 16:337 (on apple) ;— 1859. 18: 820-23 (brief 
account); the same in Insects of New York. 3d—5th Report. 1859. sec- 
tions 28, 321 (all as C. sylvatica). 
Morris, J. G. Catalogue of the lepidoptera of North America. 
1860. p. 22 (listed); Synopsis of the lepidoptera of North America. 
1862. p. 236 (description, both as C. sylvatica). 
Harris, T. W. Insects injurious to vegetation. (3d ed.) 1862. p. 
375; 376, pl. 7, fig. 18, 19 (described); Entomological correspondence. 
1869. p. 292 (larva described, both as C. sylvatica). 
