REPORT OF STATE ENTOMOLOGIST, 1898 211 
The latter parasite is a very efficient enemy of the fall web worm, 
fTyphantria cunea Drury. In addition to these, I have reared examples 
of the red-tailed tachina fly, Winthemia g-pustulata Fabr., a species 
which has frequently rendered most valuable aid in controlling the army 
worm, Leucania unipuncta Haw. 
Remedies. In most cases the parasites and the native birds will 
keep this species under control. The outbreak chronicled in the pre- 
ceding pages is out of the usual order and may not occur again for 
years. In such event, resort may be had to spraying the infested trees 
with the arsenites. If the application is made before the caterpillars are 
more than half grown, serious injury to the trees may be averted. Ifthe 
spraying is impracticable, many of the descending caterpillars can be 
killed by inclosing the trunks of the infested trees with a low over- 
hanging barricade and then treating the collected larvae with hot water, 
kerosene emulsion or other contact insecticide. Small trees can be pro- 
tected by jarring the caterpillars from them, and if sticky bands are 
placed around the trunk no larvae can ascend to continue their 
destructive work. In fruit orchards, as pointed out by Prof. Slingerland, 
spraying before the fruit appears or jarring are about the only measures 
that can be reiied upon in combating these pests. 
Bibliography of Xylina antennata Walker 
Riley, C. V. American entomologist and botanist. 1870. 2: 245 
(injuring fruits, etc., as Xydiwa sp.); Insects of Missouri. 3d Report. 
1871. p. 134-36, fig. 57 (larva and moth described, as Xy/ina cinerea) ; 
U.S. Entomological commission. Bulletin 6 [Index to the 9 Missouri 
Reports]. 1881. p. 74, 75 (descriptions as in preceding) ; Papilio. 1882. 
2: 101, 102 (gvoter and J/aticinerea regarded as varieties). 
Grote, A. R. Peabody academy of science. 6th Report. 1874. p. 
34 (brief notice, as Lithophane cinerea) ; U.S. Geological and geographical 
survey of the territories. Bulletin. 1879. 5: 201 (cinerea referred to 
antennata); Papilio. 1881. 1:127 (cinerea =antennata); Canadian ento- 
mologist. 1894. 26:79 (¢inerea-antennata). 
Thaxter, Roland. Psyche. 1877. 2:37 (common in Newton, 
Mass., at light, Mar., Ap., May, Sep., Oct., as Lithophane cinerea). 
Fernald, C. H. Papilio. 1882. 2:63 (cinerea Riley =antennata 
Walker). 
Saunders, William. Insects injurious to fruits. 1883. 1889. 
p. 138, 139, fig. r45 (brief notice, as Lithophane). 
Harvey, F. L. Me. Agricultural experiment station. Report. 
1888. 1889. p. 176, fig. 26 (injuring apples, as Lithophane). 
Edwards, Henry. U S. National museum. Bulletin 35. 1889. 
p. 92 (bibliography, as Zzthophane). 
