3 
of Butterfly from the East Indies. 
fly it is absolutely necessary that a complete aperture should be left 
open ; and, as this is a circumstance which necessarily leaves the 
pupa exposed, it is not surprising that nature should seldom resort 
to such a proceeding in the case of internal feeding insects. 
Perhaps even in this almost solitary instance, we may fairly imagine 
that the situation is sufficiently retired to ensure them protection 
from many of their enemies. These chrysalides are attached hori- 
zontally upon the inner walls of the pomegranate, by means, first, of 
a patch of silk laid upon its surface, to the centre of which the tail of 
the chrysalis is affixed, and second, of a slender silken thread passing 
from side to side over the base of the abdominal segments. As to 
the manner in which the girthed suspension is effected after the 
larva has attached itself, I may be allowed to make the following- 
short extract from Messrs. Kirby and Spence’s third volume, p. 212. 
In this order of insects which have several modus operandi, some 
of the larvae which have a short and more rigid body, (as Lyccena 
Argus, and many more of the Papiliones rurales and urbicolae,) 
“ after having bent the head on one side so as to fix one end of the 
thread, bring themselves into a straight position, and by a manoeuvre, 
not easily described, contrive to introduce the head under the 
thread, which they then bend themselves to fasten on the other 
side, pushing it to its proper situation by the successive tension and 
contraction of their segments.” A short time after this is effected, 
the skin of the caterpillar bursts, and its skin is gradually sloughed 
off beneath the girth, until the pupa is entirely naked ; the exuviae 
being collected at the extremity of the abdomen, as represented in 
my figures. 
Another curious instance of instinct yet remains to be noticed. 
The butterfly, so soon as ever it has escaped from the puparium, 
must make its escape out of the hole formed by the larva. Delay 
would be death, as the wings would soon acquire their full expan- 
sion of nearly a couple of inches, in which state it would, of course, 
be unable to creep out. 
We may easily imagine the beautiful appearance which a pome- 
granate tree must present at the moment when a whole brood of these 
pretty insects make their way to the daylight, their wings gradually 
expanding whilst seated on their old abode, or on adjoining stems, 
and their shining purple colours offering a beautiful contrast to the 
made by the larvae for the escape of the perfect beetle. This, at least, was the case 
in a specimen of Saperda Cardui, reared last summer by Mr. Stephens, the larva of 
which had the precaution to eat a hole through the cork stopper of the tin box in 
which it was enclosed ; after making which, it returned into the box, and underwent 
the changes to the perfect state. 
15 2 
