183 
The Rev. F. W. Hope on Blatta. 
bers of gnats ; one species, which he denominates Culex molestus, 
is exceedingly tormenting during the night ; he mentions also 
Tabanus testaceus ulrique equis infestus. The latter gives us two 
species of Culex, the gnat of Cyprus and the gnat of Egypt, as well 
as a species of Musca, named Bupthalmi, which is found on the 
common Ox-eye, near Damietta. 
From the Symbolse Physicte of Klug it appears from what is 
already published, that there is no lack of flies ; and my friend Mr. 
Wilkinson, the Egyptian traveller, has informed me that flies in 
Egypt are at this day a very serious evil ; to his kindness it is 
that I am indebted for a short account of some of those which are 
most tormenting. 
One fly named Dtliebab causes a disease in camels, which con- 
tinues three years if neglected; the animal then either dies or re- 
covers, the disease having exhausted itself. 
Dthebab is a long grey fly, which comes out about the rise of 
the Nile, and is like the Cleg of the north of England ; it abounds 
in calm hot weather, and is very often met with in June and July 
both in the Desert and on the Nile. Many wounds inflicted by 
these flies on the camel produce disease ; it only affects the camel 
once in this manner, the bite afterwards causing temporary pain 
and no disease. To the Arabs Mr. Wilkinson was indebted for 
the following description of the complaint and remedy : “ The 
symptoms are, loss of appetite, general appearance of weakness ; 
it receives no nourishment from the food it takes, grows very thin, 
and always looks towards the sun ; if a female, it will take the 
male, and conceive, but is sure to miscarry after two months ; the 
secretions generally are rendered impure and unwholesome. The 
cure is, either the blood of a wolf poured down the throat, or 
Kelbeh faenum graecum, and beans without the husk, given for two 
or three months.” Mr. Wilkinson adds, “ I have seen a camel to 
which wolf’s blood was given ; it recovered, but whether from that 
remedy or not I cannot pretend to say; however it is believed and 
tried, and the Arabs assert with invariable success.” The above 
fly attacks man and other animals. A second species of fly, seem- 
ingly an Ilippobosca, attacks man and beast. The common house 
fly is very abundant, as well as some small flies which live on 
trees ; they emerge from their sheltered places as you pass, and 
get into the corners of the eyes. Lastly, there is a very minute 
fly near the Red Sea, which inflicts a burning bite, and is probably 
the same as that mentioned by Sonini. 
VOL. II. 
p 
