xlvi 
JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS. 
coming to the surface in order to form other galleries in the ex- 
terior bark of other trees simply for food : and this supposition 
seems considerably confirmed by three facts which have come 
under my observation. 
“ 1. In the first place, I have repeatedly seen the males (which 
are readily known by their two oval cartilaginous bristles and in- 
termediate fringe of hairs) running along the surface of trees in 
which the females were forming their egg-galleries, and inserting 
their heads into them, upon which the females receded from the 
upper end of their galleries, and advanced, out of the opening, their 
anus, to which, after touching it repeatedly with its antennae, the 
male turned its anus, both sexes exhibiting that agitation which 
precedes copulation. Now though I was never so fortunate as to 
see an actual union under these circumstances, yet as I have se- 
veral times seen these preliminary advances, I have little doubt 
that the union of the sexes does take place at the opening of the 
gallery which the female is making, which seems a probable occur- 
rence if the female be supposed to feed on the bark she excavates, 
and thus constantly to remain in her gallery ; whereas if she be 
supposed to leave the gallery daily in order to feed on the sound 
trees which the males also attack, it would seem much more likely 
that the sexual intercourse should take place upon them, and, as 
they would daily meet there, there would seem no need of the 
males resorting in search of the females to other trees where they 
are employed in their egg-galleries. 
“ 2. Another fact, rendering it probable that the female does 
not quit her gallery in search of other food, is the following. Hav- 
ing for a trifling gratuity induced some men who were splitting 
elm for fire-wood in the streets of Boulogne in July last, to detach 
the bark from several logs, I was able to obtain specimens in which 
were galleries quite distinct and detached from each other, and in 
various degrees of forwardness, with the female in each. These 
specimens I took to our hotel, and wrapped up all together loosely 
in a newspaper ; and on examining them at different times after- 
wards, during a week or longer, I always found the females (still 
alive), each at the end of its gallery, which it had evidently never 
quitted, as if instinctively attached to the spot, — a circumstance 
very natural, if we suppose that these galleries are the constant 
abodes of the females, and where they find their food, but not 
easily explicable if we suppose that they feed along with the males 
on other trees ; as in this case my females when hungry would 
