THE GREY SHOULDER-KNOT. 31 



has most of the typical markings, especially on the outer area, 

 absent. 



The earliest occurrence of this species in Britain appears to 

 have been that of a specimen on the trunk of a poplar tree in 

 the northern environs of London, October, 1S65. Then on 

 September 30, 1866, one was detected on the bole of a willow 

 tree in a locality not indicated more definitely than " near New 

 Cross " ; another specimen was taken in the same year in the 

 Guildford district, at sugar. On October 3, 1870, a fourth 

 was found on the reverse side of a tree that had been sugared, 

 at Dartford, Kent ; and a specimen, labelled Erith, September, 

 1875, was in the collection of the late Mr, Bond. Lastly, a 

 specimen came to sugar at Copdock, Ipswich, in late September, 

 1895. 



The range of this species abroad extends through Scandinavia, 

 Belgium, North Germany, and North Russia, to East Siberia, 

 and Amurland. It is found in North America, where it is 

 known as tliaxteri^ Grote. 



The Grey Shoulder-knot {^GraptoUtha {Xyl'md) 



ornithopiis). 



The moth, of which a portrait will be found on Plate 12, Fig. 6, 

 emerges from the chrysalis^ in-^the autunin^ and may then be 

 found at night on ivy bloom or at the sugar patch ; and in the 

 daytime it may frequently be seen on tree trunks, palings, etc. 

 After hibernation, it is again seen in the spring, on fences, 

 pales, etc., and visits the sallow catkins at night. Females of 

 this species, and other hibernating kinds, taken in the spring 

 generally deposit fertile eggs pretty freely ; often such specimens 

 are not in the best condition, but one female, if she has not 

 already parted with most of her eggs, will as a rule deposit quite 

 as many as the collector is likely to need. 



The caterpillar is of a blue-green colour with whitish freckles ; 



