THE WATER BETONY. 37 



is no record from Scotland. In Ireland it has been recorded 

 from Dublin by Birchall ; and in 1901 three moths were taken 

 at Timoleague, Co. Cork, and caterpillars later on were plentiful 

 in the district. 



The Water Betony {Cucullia scrophulaHce). 



A good deal of confusion exists both in Britain and on the 

 Continent as to the identity of the Ciiciillia hgured and described 

 by Capieux in 1789, and by most authors since that time. I 

 have received over twenty specimens from Austria, Germany, 

 and other parts of Europe, sent to me as scropJiularice. As I 

 have been unable to separate the majority of these specimens 

 from C. lychnitis^ and the others from C. verbascl, Mr. F. N. 

 Pierce has been good enough to examine the genitalia of six of 

 the males, and of these he reports four are C. lychnitis^ and two 

 are C. verbasci. 



In England we certainly have a Cucullia sometimes appear- 

 ing in the moth state rather later than C. verbasci and always 

 earlier than C. lycJmitis ; the caterpillar producing it feeds on 

 Scrophularia nodosa in July. It is, however, very local, and is 

 found chiefly in North Kent, and occasionally in the Eastern 

 Counties. Mr. Pierce tinds that the male genitalia of a North 

 Kent scropJiularice sent to him do not differ from these parts 

 in C. verbasci^ but Dr. Chapman informs me that he detects 

 a slight difference in one that he examined. 



It must be admitted that the identity of the North Kent and 

 East Anglian Cucullia with the scropJiularice of Capieux is 

 very doubtful, but we evidently shall not be greatly opposed to 

 Continental methods if we continue to allow April and May 

 moths resulting from ScropJiularia 7iodosa caterpillars to do 

 duty for C. scropJiularice. I have therefore figured as this 

 species a specimen that was reared, with others, in April and 

 May, 1877, from larvie obtained in the Dartford marshes. 

 (Plate 15, Fig. 3.) 



