AUGUST THORN. 2/1 



Dover, Folkestone, Hythe, and Ashford (1907), in Kent, from 

 Chichester, Sussex, and from Shoeburyness, Essex (1898). It 

 has been reared on several occasions from eggs obtained from 

 captured females, and is still more frequently bred from eggs 

 deposited by the descendants of wild parents. 



The eggs are deep olive, with a white ring at one end ; and 

 the caterpillar is brownish in colour, rather shining, and very 

 twig-like. It feeds on birch, alder, hawthorn, sloe, plum, etc., 

 and has been found on sycamore and cherry ; May to August. 

 The early stages are figured on Plate 106, Figs, i, la. The moth 

 (Plate 109, Figs, i 5, 3 ?), which varies in colour from pale to 

 deep ochreous yellow, and also in the amount of purpHsh brown 

 freckling, usually has the upper part of the outer marginal 

 area some shade of tawny brown. Specimens of a greyish 

 chocolate tint have recently been reared by Mr. Newman, of 

 Bexley (Plate 134, Fig. 9). Most of the specimens captured in 

 England have been obtained at light in the autumn. The range 

 abroad extends to Amurland, Japan, and North America. 



August Thorn {Ennomos quercinaria). 



The male (Plate 109, Fig. 2) is generally yellower than the 

 female (Fig. 4), and it is in the former sex that brownish or -red- 

 brown clouding on the outer area beyond the second cross line 

 appears most frequently, but it occurs also in the female 

 (Plate 109, Fig. 5). Sometimes the wings are partly or entirely 

 dull reddish brown. Two other examples of the type form 

 showing modification of the cross lines will be found on Plate 1 1 1, 

 Figs. 56,69* In ab. carpinaria, Hiibner, the wings are of 

 a reddish ochreous colour. A hybrid resulting from a crossing 

 of E. aim aria ^ and E. qitercmaria $ has been named dart- 

 foi'di^ Tutt. 



The caterpillar (Plate 113, Fig. 3) is generally grey brown, 

 mottled with reddish or olive ; but, according to Fenn, it is 



