REVERSION OF ARCTIC EREBIA LIGEA, ETC. 35 
They were placed upon grass immediately, and commenced 
laying; the ova were kept, out of doors, and the larve emerged 
in the February of 1911, being half-grown at the end of June, 
when they proceeded to estivate. Reappearing at the end of 
August, they fed up and pupated, being now kept in a warm 
room. The first imago appeared on October 12th, the last on 
December 31st. 
The larve differed considerably in appearance from the 
ordinary form of Harz ligea, being darker and plainly striped. 
In nature ligea ova lie over the winter, and Herr Selzer says 
that “the larve which emerge in the spring hibernate the 
winter following,’ an imago rarely occurring late in_ the 
summer; so that the life-cycle of the typical ligea of the Harz 
extends apparently through two years. 
A comparison of adyte imagines from the Engadine and from 
Zermatt showed them to be identical with the Lapland form. 
Those in my own collection do not differ materially from 
examples from Cortina, the Brenner, &c., and, as I said before 
(loc. cit.) of the Abisko specimens, the superficial differences 
from the type are not marked in the male to any great degree. 
But those bred from Herr Selzer’s Abisko ova were absolutely 
identical with the EH. ligea from the Harz Mountains. Mr. 
Carter kindly sent me also a photograph illustrating in detail 
the results of this experiment, but, unfortunately, | am unable 
to reproduce it in this Journal, owing to the size of the block. 
It would be interesting to discover how far Lapland adyte, bred 
under natural conditions in Hamburg, would approximate to the 
type. But, as Herr Selzer claims, the contention as regards the 
specific identity of adyte and ligea may now be considered settled. 
As throwing further light on the subject of type reversion, 
Herr Selzer proceeds to record his experiences with Pararge 
mera var. adrasta. From females of this variety captured at 
Zermatt, sent to Hamburg for the purpose, ova were obtained, 
the larve still differing slightly from Harz typical form. But 
no difference was observable between the resulting imagines and 
the typical form. So that it may be inferred that the change 
back, due no doubt to altered conditions of climate and tempe- 
rature, comes about in the pupal phase principally, as has been 
demonstrated, I think, by the experiments of Mr. Merrifield 
and others. 
Two further notes by the same author, communicated to the 
‘Internationalen Entomologischen Zeitschrift’ (No. 42, Jan. 
18th, 1913, p. 298) on the subject of hibernation are also 
exceptionally interesting to British lepidopterists. Herr Selzer 
says that he found a freshly emerged Pyrameis atalanta at 
Heiligenhafen, on the Baltic, in the early part of June, and 
regarding this as an indication that the butterfly passes the 
winter in the pupal phase, he searched the same spot lies in 
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