42, THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
On August 27th I received five living females from my friend 
Commander Gwatkin- Williams, R.N., who had taken them the day 
before at. Broadstairs, where C. edusa appears to have been rather 
plentiful. They were placed under muslin hoods over growing plants 
of white clover and birdsfoot trefoil in flower-pots, and put in a warm 
place in the garden. Next day I saw a good many eggs had been 
laid, and by the time the last female died, two or three hundred ova 
had been deposited. The eggs were pearly-white at first, but soon 
changed to orange, and by September 2nd some had become lead 
colour, and larvee began to hatch out the following day. The young 
larvee were dingy-olive, with shining black heads, and their first act 
was to devour their egg-shells, then, after they had rested a bit, they 
wandered about, and finally settled either in the middle or at one 
of the corners of a leaf, and began to nibble at the upper cuticle, 
making small blotches. They laid up for their first change on 
September 10th, and some had got through by the 12th, and were 
then dull green, with minute black dots and short pale hairs. I will 
not give any further account of their progress, as that has been done 
so many times by other writers. The pots were kept in a window 
facing south, and everything went well with the larve until the 
temperature began to fall towards the beginning of October, when 
many of the smaller ones began to sicken and die off. Some of the 
larger ones by this time were nearly full grown. On October 9th I 
noticed one had attached itself to the side of the muslin hood, and 
the next day became a pupa. By the 17th there were a dozen pupe, 
but scores of larvee had died, and those remaining would not eat, 
and eventually they all perished. None of them appeared to make 
any attempt to hibernate. By this time it was getting very much 
colder, and I had started a fire in my sitting-room. All the pupx 
were now pinned to a sheet of cork, and this was placed under a 
glass cylinder, with a French Clocke over it, on a table close to the 
window, where they got the full benefit of the sun. On the 26th 
the first pupa began to change colour, and by the 31st the wing 
cases were bright orange, and the black margins of the wings plainly 
visible, and on November 2nd, about noon, I observed the butterfly 
trying to escape from its chrysalis, and it had evidently been trying 
for a little time before I noticed it, as its wings were hanging down 
partially developed, so I lifted glass and cylinder and, with a pair of 
forceps, managed to free it, but it was then so feeble it could not 
grasp anything, and I had to hold it by its front legs, after which I 
managed to tie a piece of silk round them, then passed the silk over 
a pin in a piece of cork and left it, and eventually the wings grew 
to their full size, though one of them was slightly puckered, but I 
managed to smooth this out when I set it. Other pups were 
changing colour at this time, but most of the butterflies seemed 
to be unable to emerge, and I only bred five altogether, viz: 
November 2nd, one male; November 6th, one female; November 
9th, two males; November 11th, one male. Unfortunately I have 
no greenhouse, if I had I should no doubt have bred a larger number 
of the butterflies—GrrvAsE F. Matnew; Lee House, Dovercourt, 
November 17th, 1913. 
