194 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 
there is a very different story to tell. At Boulder, on our red 
sunflowers, we have found larve of different kinds feeding 
exposed on the leaves, folding the leaves, mining the leaves, 
burrowing inside of receptacles, feeding on the unripe seeds, and 
feeding on the disc florets. Are all such absent in Europe ? 
Mr. A. G. Scorer, in his ‘ Entomologist’s Log-Book’ (1913), 
fails to mention a single species attacking Helianthus. 
The following are some of the more important or interesting 
insect enemies of Helianthus annuus (including lenticularis, which 
is the wild representative of annuus). 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
Phyciodes ismeria, Bdy. & Lec. 
This is identical with P. carlota, Reak.; Mead (1875) refused 
to recognise ismeria, on account of the rather poor description, 
but it really seems to apply to our species. The larve are 
common on the sunflowers at Boulder, and the species extends 
eastward across the plains into Nebraska, becoming rare as far 
east as Omaha, according to R. A. Leussler. 
The larve exist in two colour varieties as follows :-— 
(1) A row of large subquadrate dark orange spots down back; 
subdorsal region black, speckled with creamy white ; sides 
pallid, with a broad reddish band, the spiracles enclosed in 
angular elongated grey-black patches spotted with white ; 
under side dark; dorsal and subdorsal spines black, but 
lateral ones pale ; head shining black. Larva about 20 mm. 
long, found by my wife August 17th; pupated about 
August 22nd; imago August 31st. 
(2) Entirely orange-red with black spines and dusky subdorsal 
and lateral bands (the lateral bands just above bases of 
legs); head shining black. Larva about 21 mm. long, 
found by my wife August 22nd; imago September 5th. 
The original P. ismeria fed on a perennial sunflower, Helt- 
anthus tracheliifolius, and probably came from North Carolina. 
It is perhaps probable that the butterfly will be found to have 
two distinct subspecific forms, one (true itsmeria) of North 
Carolina and adjacent regions, feeding on perennial sunflowers ; 
the other (subsp. carlota) of the Rocky Mountain region, feeding 
on annual sunflowers. The former was said by Boisduval and 
Leconte to be very rare in collections, and it appears still to be 
so, as I have never seen a specimen, and the Academy of 
Natural Sciences at Philadelphia has none. The latter is 
abundant along the eastern foothills in Colorado, and goes north 
(fide Dr. H. Skinner, in litt.) to Manitoba, where it is taken at 
Beulah as early as May 24th, and Stony Mountains, June 11th. 
Dr. Skinner also tells me that the Philadelphia Academy has one 
from as far east as Minneapolis, Minnesota, taken May 25th. 
