NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 225 
little about moths, which accounts for the Spurge Hawk remaining 
unnoticed so long.—A. S. Buckuurst; 9, Souldern Road, West 
Kensington, July 19th, 1914. 
Note on Oreayia ANTIQUA.—I had larve of Orgyia antiqua this 
year in a breeding-cage indoors, feeding them on plum leaves. To 
my surprise, after the females resulting from the normal brood had 
laid eggs, these latter began to hatch out about July 11th. I can 
find no reference to this fact in the text-books. I should be much 
interested to know whether a second brood has occurred many 
times before.—A. H. Lers; University of Bristol, July 16th, 1914. 
[Larvee of Orgyza antiqua have been observed in August and 
September, and occasionally imagines have been seen in October.— 
R. 8] 
HYMENOPTERA SUBMITTED FOR DETERMINATION.—We have re- 
ceived from Mr. F. Dennis, of East Liss, in Hants, a handsome 
female of the largest British Ichneumon fly (Rhyssa persuasoria, 
Linn.), captured upon a window there; a ligneous gall, also found 
there on oak, is too broken and shrivelled to determine. Mr. 
Geoffrey Todd, of Barnet, has sent us a bundle of Braconid cocoons 
from which he has bred Apanteles ruficrus, Hal.; these were first 
observed in larve of Arenostola (Leucania) brevilinea, Fenn., on 
. June 24th, and emerged on July 10th. Goureau has given an 
interesting account of the earlier stages of this parasite at Soc. Ent. 
France, 2° série, tom. iii. p. 355; it has already been bred from 
Leucania littoralis, Curt., and L. pallens, L. Neither Mr. Todd nor 
we can recall previous records of hymenopterous parasites upon this 
Noctuid moth.—CuaupE Morey; July 22nd, 1914. 
ABUNDANCE OF PLUTELLA MACULIPENNIS (CRUCIFERARUM).—I 
can testify from personal experience as to the abundance of this 
species. During Haster it was beginning to emerge on the heaths 
about Sidmouth (South Devon), and was swarming in this locality by 
April 20th. At Whitsuntide in the neighbourhood of Chelmsford it 
was abundant on the wing, in the late afternoon, over every roadside 
patch of waste vegetation—R. Mrnpona; 6, Brunswick Square, 
W.C., July 3rd, 1914. 
PLUTELLA MACULIPENNIS (CRUCIFERARUM) IN NortH CuMBER- 
LAND.—This species is now very abundant in this district. I first 
noticed the moth in June; now, scarcely a field of turnips has escaped. 
Injury has been principally done amongst the swede turnips, and 
many of the fields have assumed a grey appearance. The farmers in 
the district say that such a plague has not been experienced for thirty 
years.—GrEOoRGE B. RoututepGe; Tarn Lodge, Headsnool, Carlisle, 
July 7th, 1914. 
APPEARANCE OF HUCHLO# CARDAMINES.—May I add my experi- 
ence of this species during the present season? I first met with it 
in a clearing in a wood in Kent on April 23rd, at a height of about 
200 ft.; it was quite common, and females predominated. Next I 
found it, in an interval of sunshine, between a couple of thunder- 
storms, at the Villa Adriana, near Rome, probably at about a similar 
ENTOM.—AaAvuGusT, 1914. T 
