PEPPERED MOTH. 30I 



distributed over England and Wales. In Ireland it has occurred 

 in Wicklow, Westmeath, and Cork, and has been reared from 

 pupae obtained at Glenmalure in the former county. 



Hybrids resulting from a cross between strataria ^ and 

 beiularia $ have been named herefordi^ Tutt. 



Peppered Moth {Pachys "betularid). 



Typically (Plate 129, Figs, i $, 3 ?) the wings are white, 

 " peppered " with black, and with more or less distinct cross 

 lines, also black. The black speckling varies in amount, in 

 some examples it is almost absent, whilst in others it is so 

 dense that the wings appear to be black sprinkled with white. 

 Specimens of the last form are intermediate between the type 

 and the melanic ab. doubledayaria, Milliere (Fig. 2). This black 

 form, which seems to have been unknown about sixty years ago, 

 is now much commoner than the type in the South-west Riding 

 of Yorkshire, and has spread into Lancashire, Cheshire, and 

 southwards to Lincolnshire. On the wolds of the latter county, 

 and on Cannock Chase, Staffordshire, it is said to be the 

 dominant form of the species. The aberration also occurs in 

 the eastern and the southern counties of England to Hamp- 

 shire. Northwards, the form has extended to Clydesdale in 

 Scotland, where one was reared from a caterpillar obtained 

 near Paisley. In Wales doiibledayaria is in the ascendant at 

 Newport, Monmouth, and in Ireland one example of this variety 

 together with some intermediate and typical specimens were 

 reared from caterpillars collected at Castle Bellingham, Co. 

 Louth. Possibly the liberal distribution of the eggs of double- 

 dayaria may have had something to do with the comparatively 

 rapid extension of this form, at least to districts far away 

 from its original locality. 



What is known as the buff var. of this species dates back to 



