32 Journal of the Mitchell Society [August 



exceeding great interest, since it shows the presence of a well-dit¥er- 

 entiated horse in late Miocene, or St. Mary's deposits, in North 

 America. The stratum from which this bone was taken is a layer of 

 bine clay literally tilled with the shells of Scola, so thoroughly char- 

 acteristic of the St. Mary's formation. 



The horse family (Equidae, from Equus cahaUus, the living horse) 

 appeared almost simultaneously in Europe and America in the dawn 

 horse (Eohippus) early in the Eocene, but it was in North America 

 that this group of animals passed through the greater part of their 

 later development. In Europe the horses died out in the Eocene, and 

 Asia was restocked from America by way of Siberia early in Miocene 

 time. Late in the Miocene the horse of North America spread into 

 South America. In the American Pleistocene there were many species 

 of Equus, but the immediate ancestor of our domestic horse was not 

 among them, and the entire tribe vanished in the later part of this 

 period. The living species originated in Europe or Asia, so it has 

 been believed, and was introduced into this country by the Spaniards. 



There is no stock of animals better known than that of the Horses, 

 and they have become the classic example or show animal of evolu- 

 tion. In fact, the famous Yale University collection assembled by 

 Professor Marsh, and now duplicated in several places, did much to 

 demonstrate the truth of Darwinism. The lower Eocene horses were 

 about the size of a cat or a fox-terrier, and they ranged by slow 

 gradations from these diminutive creatures to the great animals of 

 Pleistocene time, about fourteen hands high. This bone from Enfield 

 belonged to an animal about the size of a Hatteras pony, and may 

 have been the immediate ancestor of our domestic horse, hitherto un- 

 known in America. It is interesting to note in this connection that 

 the first warm-blooded animal — the dromatheriiiyn — was found in 

 Chatham County, North Carolina. 



A. S. Wheeler — Some New Dyes. 



Dr. Wheeler with the assistance of Mr. B. Naiman has extended 

 the bromohydroxynaphthoquinone field. An improved method was 

 worked out for the preparation of the monobromo derivative of jug- 

 lone. This compound was converted into the dibromo derivative and 

 the latter into the monobromohydroxy derivative. Their acetyl and 

 benzoyl derivatives Avere made. These substances contain a quinoid 

 complex, also an hydroxyl group and therefore are dj^es, producing 



