40 The Journal of Heredity 
TABLE II.—Dzistribution of Royal Autocrats by Centuries. 
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800-1900 
1st Obes 1 0 0 0 1 4 1 Dy = 1 
2d 10. 0 0 2 ey 3 i? | toch ag 
sisll WKQ)s: 0 0 af 0 1 4 2 1 1 
4th 10. 0 1 ® | 3 1 0 1 ae 
5th 10. 0 1 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 
6th 10.. 1 1 0 2 2 0 4 0 | 0 
7th 10 0 2 0 2 1 1 2 0 2 
8th 10. . 1 0 2 1 5 0 1 0 0 
9th 10.. 0 1 1 5 1 2 0 0 0 
10th 10.. 1 3 2 1 2 0 0 ar] 1 
HS® UO). cea 4 9 10 16 18 15 12 ee ees | 9 
PERCENTAGES OF AUTOCRATS AMONG ALL RoyaL RULERS 
- es aa r =i = 
Ist 10. Ut 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 7.0 129) 4.1 2 
1st 20. ntl ) 00} a) e40) OROMS rarer 12) 31 3.6 S25 ee 
Ist 30. iter 0.0 15.0 0.0 oil 19S 08) 1OK2 st ees 
ist 40. ie | SONS Wee | SO TOG | OAL iw |) ie 
Ist SOe- Wad UST Nt A) 12.8 AS) Al ole 4 ess na 1403 eee 
fst elOOR: 30.8 52.9 | 50.0 | 41.0 32.1 | 26-3" | 21.8 14.3 18 
as many autocrats of the first magni- 
tude. 
These are distinctively the autocrats 
who are associated with warfare, and so 
we see one reason perhaps why in 
recent centuries so much fighting has 
taken place. In our work, ‘‘Is War Di- 
minishing?”’ the conclusion reached by 
Mr. Baltzby and myself was that there is 
proof for a decline in the number of war 
years in the last two centuries, but 
that the evidence was not sufficient for 
a sound generalization. That was for 
two reasons: First, because there was an 
increase from 1450 to 1600 and second, 
because the history of France and 
England, the only history that  fur- 
nished data extending well into the past, 
did not sanction such a generalization. 
There was no general or constant de- 
cline in war-years. The first four cen- 
turies showed no more war-years than 
the second. 
GRADUAL ELIMINATION OF AUTOCRACIES 
Although there has been no constant 
or gradual disappearance of war-years 
or of great autocrats as might be the 
case if these two dreaded things were 
being exterminated by the enlightening 
processes of education and civilization, 
there is nevertheless a way of looking 
at all the facts that presents an outlook 
not necessarily gloomy. The whole 
matter in a nutshell is this: There 
occurred during these nine hundred 
years one gigantic wave which reached 
its peak in the sixteenth century. The 
wave of autocracy corresponded with 
the wave of war, probably entirely, 
though a fragment of one of the curves 
is lacking or incomplete. We have no 
data for any early war periods (prior to 
1450) except for France and England, 
but the probability is that the other 
nations were not excessively engaged in 
war during the twelfth, thirteenth and 
fourteenth centuries. This is suggested 
from the fact that, although small auto- 
crats were numerous in these various 
countries, very great autocrats were 
not, and furthermore it is known that the 
war-years in these countries increased 
from 1,450 to 1,600. Also the high 
average of French and English war-years 
culminated in the sixteenth century. 
