58 
most common in the United States, is 
prevalent in south China. Native cat- 
tle are largely immune to the disease 
as they are in Texas, and in India 
where the disease is common. The dis- 
ease is caused by a protozoan (Piro- 
plasma bigeminum) carried by a cat- 
tle tick (Boophilis annulatus) in a 
way similar to that by which malarial 
fever in man is caused by a protozoan 
injected into the body of man by the 
mosquito. The young ticks hatch from 
eggs laid in the grass where cattle 
graze. The small ticks emerge from the 
egg, crawl up the legs of cows and 
buffalos, and attach themselves to the 
body of the animal and begin sucking 
blood, remaining attached to the animal 
until they have grown to full size. The 
females, after having been fertilized 
by the males, drop to the ground and 
lay their eggs, from 1,500 to 3,000 
each, which soon hatch and thus com- 
plete the life cycle. Tick fever is fa- 
tal to cattle imported from tick-free 
regions. Fortunately, ticks do not 
travel far and live only in grass; cattle 
kept in barns and in dry lots are in 
little danger from them. 
The Journal of Heredity 
Tuberculosis. — According to Dr. 
Heanley of the Hongkong Bacteriolog- 
ical and Vaccine Laboratory, tubercu- 
losis has never been found among the 
buffalo of south China; and during 
13 years of inspection of animals and 
carcasses in the Hongkong government 
slaughter house where all animals are 
slaughtered for food are inspected by 
government inspectors, only two cases 
in the humped cattle have come to no- 
tice. Both cases were bullocks. The 
disease is as common among European 
cattle in southern China as it is in 
America. 
DAIRYING 
In the past the Chinese 
not been consumers of milk. Con- 
tact with the Europeans in recent 
years, however, has taught them the 
value of this product as a food, and 
now in the larger cities there is an in- 
creasing demand for it. According to 
old residents in Canton, there were no 
cows used for dairy purposes in that 
city 25 years ago. ‘Today there are 
about 600 cows of European breeds 
and 100 buffalo cows, kept exclusively 
IN CHINA 
have 
TABLE I.—Analysis of Milk from Individual Cows. 
(Summarized from detailed records for each cow.) 
| | 
Number of Length of lactation | pee ieee | e we ise | Average per cent 
buffalo cow period by months | pounds | pounds | of fat 
1 | Last 6 months only ,520 67.51 12:23 
Z 8 months 1,081 | 127.56 11.80 
3 Last 6 months only 635 82.23 12.95 
4 11 months 1, 332 168.03 12.63 
5 Last 5 months only 575 | 75.44 13.12 
6 Last 6 months only 555 68.49 12.34 
7 Last 5 months only 425 58.74 13.82 
8 Last 6 months only 363 56.20 15.48 
51 11 months 2,671 257.95 9.65 
53 First 7 months only 1,766 185.60 10.51 
54 First 9 months only 2,242 271.95 Wee) 
55 9 months 1,852 219.65 11.86 
60 | First 6 months only 1,531 171.47 11.20 
63 | First 6 months only 1,639 167.01 10.19 
Note.—When these records began, No. 1 had been milking for 444 months, No. 3 for 244 
months, No. 5 for 5 months, No. 6 for 5 months, No. 7 for 8 months, and No. 8 for 8 months. 
When these records closed, No. 53 was giving 5 pounds of milk a day, No. 54, 6 pounds, and No. 
60, 8.2 pounds. 
