64 The Journal 
King: “Farmers of Forty Centuries.” 
Pp. 145, 149, 150, 336. 
Baldrey: “Indigenous Catttle in Rajpu- 
tana.” Pp. 9, 15, 22, 26, 29, 75, 80. 
Bailey: Cyclopedia of American Agricul- 
ture, Vol. iii, p. 292. 
Pease: “Breeds of Cattle Punjab.” Pp. 
BV, 7}, Cd, {80 
Levine: “Dairying in South China.” 
Hoard’s Dairyman, July 14, 1917. 
Fairchild: Philippine Agricultural Review. 
Vol. iv, p. 486. 
of Heredity 
Fairchild: “Breeds of Milch Cattle and 
Carabaos for the Philippine Islands.” Bul. 
No. 27, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. 
Department of Agriculture, 1902. 
Pearson: “Notes on Dairying in Cali- 
fornia, and Export of California Butter to 
the Orient.” Annual Report Bureau of Ani- 
mal Industry, U. S. Dept. Agri., 1899. 
Mendoza: Philippine Agriculturalist and 
Forester, Vol. vi, December, 1917, p. 134. 
Logan: China Medical Journal, Vol. xxvi, 
p. 134. : 
Wing: “Milk and Its Products,” p. 17. 
To Increase the Birth Rate 
Changes in taxation, and an insur- 
ance plan for parents, as methods of 
increasing Germany’s present low birth- 
rate, are discussed by Wilhelm Schall- 
mayer in Die Umschau (Nos. 32 and 
soy,, IEEMKO)): 
He properly condemns present income 
taxes that fail to make any allowance 
(as is apparently the case in Germany ) 
or that make an inadequate allowance 
(as in the United States) for the pres- 
ence of children in a family. He cites 
with approval the proposal of Max von 
Grubin, the Munich hygienist, who pro- 
poses that parents shall not be allowed 
to bequeath their entire estate to their 
children unless the latter number at 
least four. Schallmayer and = von 
Grubin believe that many well-to-do 
parents restrain the size of their family 
in order that they may bequeath a com- 
petence to each child, and they would 
give the parents an incentive to have at 
least four children, If they have only 
two or three, for instance, the proposed 
law would allow these to inherit only 
one-half or three-fourths of the estate, 
to all of which they are entitled under 
the present law. The undistributed 
surplus would be distributed, in von 
Grubin’s plan, to collateral relatives in 
proportion to the size of their families ; 
and in Schallmayer’s plan one-half to 
the collaterals and one-half to the state 
tor eugenic purposes. 
Moreover, says Dr. Schallmayer, the 
cost of the offspring should be borne by 
the state, through the establishment 
of a state parenthood insurance bureau, 
to which all persons of either sex would 
be admitted, premiums to be based on 
income. A stipulated benefit would be 
paid on the birth of each child, up to a 
limited number, this proviso apparently 
being to keep poor stock from prolifer- 
ating unduly in order to get bonuses. 
The author points out that a large 
part of the excessive infant mortality is 
due to carelessness, and in order to dis- 
courage such carelessness he would re- 
fuse to pay for a child until it has 
passed its first birthday. 
He declares that steps must be taken 
to keep the racial contribution of each 
section of the population proportionate, 
in order to keep the inferiors from out- 
breeding the superiors. It is unfor- 
tunate that he fails to outline effective 
steps to this end, since this is in many 
ways the most important part of the 
plan and the point where most authors 
of similar plans have stopped short. 
In conclusion Dr.  Schallmayer 
soundly says that the only real insur- 
ance of a properly distributed birth- 
rate is the spread of a “eugenic con- 
science” in the population. 
