124 The Journal 
has on hand from 600 to 900 of this 
breed of hogs. The Berkshire hog, an 
English breed whose early development 
was brought about largely through the 
use of Chinese and Siamese blooded 
stock, may prove a success in this 
climate, as it has done in the Philippine 
Islands, where most breeds up to the 
present have been little more than 
failures, due largely to the readiness 
with which they succumb to the kidney 
worm. The Berkshire hogs seem to 
be able to resist the kidney worm better 
than any other of the modern breeds. 
However, as the kidney worm does not 
seem to be common in China, other 
breeds may also prove a success. 
CHINESE SHEEP AND GOATS 
Sheep.—Sheep of the fat-tailed, horn- 
less variety which is supposed to have 
criginated in Afghanistan, are found 
in nearly all parts of northern China, 
especially in the provinces of Shantuny 
and Chihli. These sheep are so named 
because of their large tail which carries 
a large amount of fat. The tail is 
usually 8 to 10 inches long, 6 inches 
wide, and 3 inches thick. It serves as 
a store for food, and in seasons of 
drought and scarcity of feed the fat 
contained in the tail is used up in the 
body. It is said that after a few genera- 
tions of rich feeding in lands where 
nourishing feed is more available, the 
size of the tail gradually diminishes, 
approaching the size common to other 
breeds of sheep. 
The fat-tailed sheep produce fair wool, 
though it is inferior in both quantity 
and quality when compared with that of 
modern breeds of wool sheep. Accord- 
ing to the Japanese investigators in 1916 
the annual amount of wool produced in 
Shantung amounts to 39,000,000 
pounds. Most of the wool produced in 
this region is sold to Japan at about 20 
5A picul equals 133 1/3 pounds. 
of Heredity 
taels a picul®, the annual sales amount- 
ing to 6,000,000 taels. The Japanese 
use most of the wool for making cloth- 
ing for the soldiers. It is estimated 
that each sheep will yield in jone year 
with two shearings four catties of wool. 
At this rate the total number of sheep 
in Shantung must be at least 7,500,000. 
The customs authorities give a value of 
5 taels a head for sheep. The mature 
sheep alone in Shantung at this rate 
have an annual value of 35,000,000 
taels. 
Goats—The native black and white 
goat of China is raised for meat 
only. In Shantung a Swiss breed of 
milk goats, known as the Saanen goat, 
has been introduced by the Germans. 
and seems to thrive well in that region. 
Indians have brought with them to 
Hongkong an Indian. breed of milk goat 
which is doing well in that region. 
SHEEP AND GOATS IN SOUTHERN CHINA 
Canton imports from the north 8,000 
fat-tail sheep, and 4,000 meat goats for 
slaughter each year, or at the rate of 
thirty a day. Hongkong also iniports in 
large numbers from the north. Goats of 
the meat breed are raised to a small 
extent in South China, but no sheep 
are raised in the southern provinces. 
Dr. Adam Gibson, reports that attempts 
to raise sheep in the south have failed 
because of the readiness with which 
they become infested with the liver 
fluke. Goats butchered at the college in 
1917 by the writer were found to be 
badly infested with this parasite, but 
evidently the affect on goats is not as 
serious as with sheep. 
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 
Chinese Customs Reports. 
King: “Farmers of Forty Centuries,” pp. 
3,01, 70; 135: 233 and! 353, 
Report of Military Investigations in Tsing- 
tau, 1916, Shantung Province. 
fl. 
