192 
son, the cockerel for pen No. 1 would 
be selected from the brood of the hen 
with the highest egg record in pen No. 
4. The cockerel for pen 2 would, in 
like manner be the progeny of the hen 
with the highest egg record in pen 3. 
The cockerel for pen 3 would be select- 
ed from the progeny of the hen with 
the highest egg record in pen 1, and 
the cockerel for pen 4, would be selected 
from the progeny of the hen with the 
highest egg record in pen 3. 
With such an arrangement, introduc- 
tions of new blood lines could be made 
by the addition of one or more hens 
to each or all of the four pens. Such 
hens would of course be carefully num- 
bered and their records kept, and in the 
event they failed to make a worthy 
record, they themselves and all their 
progeny could be eliminated from the 
flock by culling. 
It is worth oft repeating that the art 
of breeding will be most rapidly for- 
warded on a general basis of rigid 
selection with statistical records of 
The Journal of Heredity 
performance. The device here out- 
lined, for corn, or poultry, may increase 
interest and intensity of selection; 
calling especial attention to the pos- 
sibility of making introductions of new 
blood lines in a systematic way through 
the female side. 
Another consideration in offering 
this 4-parted system for breeding corn 
or gregarious animals consists in its 
adaptability to cooperation in breed- 
ing work. For instance in poultry 
breeding it may prove impracticable for 
any given breeder to arrange four pens 
as suggested in the foregoing. In 
such a case it may be possible for four 
poultry breeders each to arrange one 
pen, and to so cooperate that all may 
get the benefit of a systematic unit. 
Such cooperation would inevitably be 
beneficial to corn, or poultry, or sheep, 
or what not; it would be a community 
service along a specific line. 
As such it is worth consideration by 
various community advisers. 
Race AND NATIONALITY, an inquiry into 
the origin and growth of patriotism, 
by John Oakesmith, D. Lit., M.A. 
New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co., 
1919. Pp. 300. Price. $4.00. 
Dr. Oakesmith begins by wiping up 
the earth with authors who have held 
racial differences to be the basis of dif- 
ferences in national feelings. On the 
whole, he makes a good job of this—but 
then, he has picked out the extremists, 
whose work was most vulnerable, for 
his attack. “He concludes that “race, 
as a constituent element in nationality is 
a purely subjective emotion,” and then 
builds up his own theory, which explains 
nationality as “the common interests of 
a people developed through generations 
into a characteristic traditional culture.” 
Few reasonable people will object to this 
definition, and they will find much of 
interest in the rest of the book, which 
is largely devoted to illustrating, by the 
case of England, the development of a 
feeling of national consciousness. The 
book is, however, marred throughout 
by the absolute lack of a biological view- 
point, and by a literary rather than 
scientific treatment of the facts —P. P. 
