214 
grades as compared to their scrub 
grand-dams was 174% in milk and 
130% in fat; the increase was 72% in 
milk and 94% in fat in the case of the 
Guernsey grades; and for the Jersey 
second grades it was 59% in milk and 
64° in fat production. 
The average increase in production 
for the second generation of grades, 
when all breeds are combined, was 
116% in milk and 106% in fat pro- 
duction—a real tribute to the value of 
the purebred dairy sire. 
In the work that has so far been 
completed at the Iowa Station on the 
grading up of a scrub herd of milking 
cows it has been shown that environ- 
ment and breeding are very important 
factors in determining the production 
of dairy cattle. Good feed and care 
will increase the yields of milk and 
The Journal of Heredity 
butterfat but in order that the best 
results may be obtained from these 
factors the cattle must be subjected to 
good treatment early in life. Animals 
that are poorly fed and stunted during 
the period of their development will 
not respond to good feeding when they 
reach maturity as readily as_ will 
individuals which have been liberally 
fed during the formative period of 
their lives. The fact that a high aver- 
age increase in production was obtained 
in the case of first generation grades 
and that the second generation of 
grades produced more than twice as 
much milk and butterfat as did their 
scrub grand-dams thoroughly vindi- 
cates the use of the purebred dairy sire 
for the development of high producing 
cows. 
A Text Book of Biology 
LABORATORY DIRECTION IN PRINCIPLES 
oF ANIMAL BrIoLoGy, by A. Franklin 
Shull, with the collaboration of 
George R. Larue, Alexander G. 
Ruthven, Peter O. Okkelberg, and 
others. Pp. 81. New York, Mc- 
Graw-Hill Book Co., 1919. 
Shull’s biology is welcome because it 
treats of the general principles of 
biology, rather than merely with de- 
tails of morphology,—although an ade- 
quate amount of the latter is included. 
No text-book can be letter-perfect, but 
this one includes a large amount of 
valuable material, with little that is 
objectionable. Not all geneticists will 
accept the definition of genetics (p. 239) 
as a science dealing with the production 
of minor features of the organism and 
the laws that govern their occurrence. 
Heredity is defined (p. 256) as “‘the 
occurrence, in the offspring, of the same 
genes that were in the parents,’’—a 
definition that some will consider 
narrow. But the general outlines of 
the book are so good that it is unneces- 
sary to criticise details, which the 
teacher will! deal with according to his 
own ideas. The text-book is accom- 
panied by a laboratory manual, which 
ignores genetics as a_ subject for 
experimental study.—P. P. 
A Conventional View of Anthropology 
AN INTRODUCTION TO ANTHROPOLOGY: 
a general survey of the early history 
of the human race. By the Rev. 
Be Onemecmpauetie in Grs.anntGan 
of St. Peter’s, Limehouse. Pp. 259, 
price 7/6. London, Macmillan & 
Gos, etd 1919: 
All of the conventional ground is 
covered by Mr. James in this volume. 
He presents no new points of view, 
but has been content to gather together 
time-tried material, mixing it with 
some rather tenuous speculation about 
the daily life of our remote ancestors, 
and coloring it with numerous refer- 
ences to the tenets of orthodox Chris- 
tianity. The book is not a notable one, 
but gives in convenient form a lot of 
material with which the reader or 
student taking up anthropology must 
become familiar. It will perhaps be a 
good introduction to more detailed 
study, or an interesting piece of reading 
for one who desires merely a general 
survey of the field.—P. P. 
