374 
is the result of the mating of the Aber- 
deen-Angus cow Orono Madge to the 
Holstein-Friesian bull Taurus Cream- 
elle Hengerveld. The graph for Cross- 
bred No. 44 shows that her butter-fat 
percentage for her first lactation is in- 
termediate between that of her high 
and her low testing parents at the 
fourth, fifth and sixth months of lacta- 
tion. Other than these months the 
crossbred cow clearly follows the low 
butter-fat percentage of her low testing 
sire. The eight months mean butter- 
fat percentage for Crossbred No. 44 
was 3.656 per cent, that for her Aber- 
deen-Angus dam 4.640 per cent, and for 
her Holstein-Friesian sire 3.399 per 
cent. The crossbred cow was conse- 
quently 0.984 per cent less in her but- 
ter-fat percentage than her high testing 
dam and 0.257 per cent more than her 
low testing sire. The crossbred cow 
consequently is 3.8 times as near to the 
low butter-fat percentage as she is to 
the higher butter-fat percentage line. 
These observations may be regrouped 
to show the changes brought about in 
the butter-fat percentage of the off- 
spring in accordance with the way the 
cross was made. For those crosses in 
which the Holstein-Friesian sire was 
used, the offspring in all cases resem- 
bled the low testing sire between 3.3 
and 4.5 to 1 as closely as they did the 
high testing parent, the mean being 
3.9 to 1. For those crosses in which 
the dam was of the Holstein-Friesian 
breed, the results of the offspring were 
contradictory, one approaching the 
butter-fat percentage of the high test 
parent 1.4to 1 and the other approach- 
ing the butter-fat test of the low Hol- 
stein-Friesian cow 7.3 to1. The cross 
involving the Ayrshire dam resembled 
the low test 2.6 to 1. The high test 
Guernsey dam when crossed to the 
lower test Aberdeen-Angus sire had a 
4 Parlour, W. 
1913. Jersey Angus Cattle. 
Kuhlman, A. H. 
Live Stock Jour. 
The Journal of Heredity 
daughter which resembled the low 
testing sire 5.5 times as closely as she 
did the high testing dam. 
Considering every cross irrespective 
of their merit for this particular phase 
of the work the crosses resemble the 
low testing parental breed 2.23 times 
as closely as they do the high testing 
parental breed. 
Several experiments undertaken by 
the breeders cited in the previous pa- 
pers furnish data which incidentally 
bear on the inheritance of butter-fat 
percentage. The butter-fat tests given 
by Parlour, Kuhlman, and Strevens' 
for the F, cows from crosses of the Jer- 
sey and Aberdeen-Angus breeds show 
that the F, differs little from either 
parent. This as indicated in a previous 
section of this paper would be expected 
since the Jersey and Aberdeen-Angus 
breeds have quite similar butter-fat 
tests. 
In crossing Holstein-Friesian bulls to 
several scrub cows of rather high butter- 
fat test Kildee and McCandlish’s® 
results show that the butter-fat percent- 
age for the F, cows is intermediate 
between the two parents approaching 
if anything the butter-fat percentage 
of the lower testing Holstein-Friesian 
sires. The F, crosses of the Guern- 
sey and Jersey sires to the scrubs show 
a slight improvement of the butter-fat 
percentage over that of their dams. 
The results for the Jersey and Guern- 
sey crosses are of no particular impor- 
tance to the discussion since the butter- 
fat tests of the animals crossed was 
nearly the same. The F;, crosses for 
the Holstein-Friesian sires and scrub 
cows are of interest and agree quite 
closely with the results of the con- 
trolled experiment herein described con- 
sidering that more than one sire may 
have been used, that age corrections 
were not made and that the progeny 
(London) 77 (1913) No. 2025 p. 85. 
1915. Jersey-Angus Cattle. JourNAL HEREDITY 6 (1915) No. 2, pp. 68-72. 
Strevens, H. D. E. 
1913. Jersey-Angus Cattle. Live Stock Jour. (London) 77 (1913) No. 2025, p. 132. 
5 Kildee, H. H. and McCandlish, A. C. 
1916. 
Iowa Agri. Expt. Sta., pp. 383-402. 
Influence of Environment and Breeding in Increasing Dairy Production. 
Bul. 165. 
