102 Journal of Entomology and Zoology 
yellow lines on each side. The light phase is pale yellowish through- 
out with few or many small black specks on the dorsum; amber ven- 
tral surface and prolegs and black head and true legs. The length 
varies from 1% to 2 inches. 
The caterpillars are often very numerous, feeding on nearly every 
part of the plants. The very young ones spin but small webs over 
themselves near the middle of the leaves, and it is not until they are 
nearly half-grown that they are able to draw together and fasten 
the edges of the leaves and make a more roomy abode. Unlike the 
caterpillars of some of the other species, they remain in their nests 
feeding on the leaves under the webs until nearly all have been de- 
voured, when they seek a new leaf, make another nest and begin 
feeding as before. The work (Fig. 5) is such as to cause the plants 
to appear quite ragged and unsightly, and serves to quickly detect 
their presence. When ready for pupation the caterpillars leave the 
nests and seek some more hidden and secure spots not easily found. 
The chrysalids (Fig. 6) are light-gray or grayish-brown with two 
distinct and two much smaller silvery-white spots on the dorsum at 
the constriction between the thorax and the abdomen. The surface 
is more or less faintly, and in some distinctly, iridescent golden. The 
length averages about 54 of an inch. From a large number of 
chrysalids only a very small percentage developed into butterflies 
because of the effectual parasitism of a tachina fly, Phorocera saun- 
dersii Will. Many of the parasitized chrysalids could at once be 
told by a copious bleeding, the liquid hanging in long slender threads 
which became dry and brittle. It is a conservative estimate to say 
that at least 85 per cent. were thus destroyed. 
The butterflies (Figs. 7 and 8) are much like the adults of Va- 
nessa huntera (Fab.) and Vanessa cardui (Linn.). The presence 
of more than two eye-spots on the under side of each hind wing 
separates them from the former, and the truncate apices of the front 
wings or the presence of the continuous black band across the middle 
cell of each front wing will distinguish them from the latter. There 
is rarely a distinct rosy tint on the front wings instead of the tawny 
color. The eye-spots on the under surfaces of the hind wings are 
fairly distinct, consisting of four quite large and perfect ones and 
one smaller anterior imperfect one on each. The bodies are faintly 
