104 Journal of Entomology and Zoology 
THE PAINTED LADY OR THISTLE BUT TERELY 
Vanessa cardui (Linneus) 
Papilo cardui Linneus, Syst. Nat. 10 Ed., p. 475, 1758. 
Pyrameis cardui Doubl-Hewits., Gen. Diur. Lep., p. 205, 1850. 
(ies. 10st) 
This is claimed to be the most widely distributed butterfly in the 
world, and is found in all temperate regions and often in the tropics. 
It is by far the most abundant species in California, being most plen- 
tiful in the southern part of the state and im the interior valleys, and 
less common along the coast of the central and northern parts. In 
the southern part of the state it often appears in great migratory 
flights, a number of which have been recorded, among which were 
those of the years 1895° and 1902°. In October, 1913, Mr. E. P. 
Van Duzee observed a migration at San Diego. During the sum- 
mer of 1914 the writer noted great numbers in the San Joaquin Val- 
ley, which, though they did not constitute a flight, brought forth 
considerable comment and the occurrence was reported by Dr. 
Burton Evermann." 
The young caterpillars are dark with indefinite yellowish mark- 
ings. The full-grown forms (Fig. 9) vary from gray to reddish- 
brown or almost black and sprinkled with minute white and yellow 
specks. There is a very indistinct and broken dorsal yellow stripe 
and a wider and more distinct line of the same color on each side. 
The spines are white or amber, tipped with black. Small light hairs 
arise from numerous whitish specks over the body. The head is 
dark-brown or black and thickly covered with whitish hairs and a 
few black tubercles. The length varies from 11% to 2 inches. 
In making their nests the caterpillars roll the edges of the leaves 
and incorporate various extraneous matter which might be secured. 
Their work is often quite destructive and is much like that of Va- 
nessa carye (Hiubn.). 
The chrysalids (Fig. 9) are light-brown and very beautiful, ap- 
pearing as if dipped into molten gold. 
Ent. News, Vol. XXV, p. 415, Nov., 1914. 
° Farnham, Geo. D., Ent. News, Vol. VI, p. 150, 1895. 
° Essig, E. O., Inj. and Ben. Ins. Cal. 2nd Ed. Cal. Hort. Com., p. 462, 1915. 
