148 Journal of Entomology and Zoology 
the body might not be exactly as the adult at the beginning, but even 
then it was in most cases enough like it to help to determine the 
family. By shape alone could one tell a young attid or young trap- 
door spider. The position of the eyes was the same as the adult 
in all cases. 
2. Color changes took place without the aid of moulting. It was 
noted with all the specimens that slight changes took place, such 
as darkening of the ground color, or a clearing of the pattern 
between moults. This was not true of body changes, as they only 
occurred through moulting, but it is true that then, and only then, 
occurred the great and varied changes of coloration and color pat- 
tern. This view of the color changing between moults is not held 
by most of the writers upon spiders, and it is only through daily 
observation that this slight changing can be seen. 
3. The lack or abundance of food was found to be a great factor 
in the rapidity of moults and also the color development. The 
poorly fed spiderling moulted slowly and showed very little differ- 
ence of color with each moult. The satisfied spiderling moulted at 
definite periods and showed great development of color as well as 
development of body. The intensity of the colors always became 
greater after a meal. Heat and sunshine also were factors with 
the food. The spiders kept in a dark place had as much color in 
their bodies as those in the sunshine, but their development was 
retarded. 
4. There was a great difference in the amount of change in 
the color pattern in different species. Some had a good many, some 
only one or two. The ones with the greatest number of changes 
were the brilliantly colored adults or the striking adults. The 
Thomisidae, Lycosidae and Aviculariidae had very little change, 
and the young of any of these could be told at once by their close 
resemblance to the adult. The changes from the immature to the 
adult in these families were finished after the second or third moult 
from the egg case. The sexual differences did not appear until later. 
5. The young in one brood looked all alike and resembled the 
adult female. This was true up to the last few moults. McCook in 
his book states: ‘‘Among the young of the Lycosa and Attus, 
according to Wagner, these modifications are effected with the 
