THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE INCAS. 23 



geometrical designs, which are not shown in the illustration. 

 The scales of these flutes are given below : 



:r|tlf=?^ 



I'i 



=F 



No. II, also of terra cotta, is broken and the scale cannot be 



ascertained. These instruments are sounded by the breath 



impinging on the shaq^ edge of the outer lip of the shell. 



Whistles of the resonator class have a wide distribution and 



have been found in different sections of Peru. They are usually 



made of terra cotta, but sometimes of other materials. 



, . , , ■ , . , , Resonator 



The kmd most commonly met with emit but one or 



two tones and generally go by the name of "signal 

 whistles " or " bird-calls." The resonator type reached its highest 

 form of development in Chiriqui and parts of Central America, 

 where they commonly took the human form or that of some 

 well-known animal or bird, and in most cases the grotesque 

 element predominated in the representation. The openings 

 (vents) to the air chamber in the body of these instrtiments vary 

 in number, but seldom exceed four. On Plate I\', figure 13 shows 

 an instrument of this class. This specimen is one and three- 

 eighths inches high, and measures two and three-quarters inches 

 from the nose to the tip of the tail. Its two vents are on the 

 same side, vielding the following scale: 



=it^.=E 



No. 15, on the same plate, is of wood and has one vent. Its 

 tones are: 



No. 6, on Plate III, and Xos. 8, 10, and 14 on Plate IV, are 

 without vents and have but one note each. 



