Popenoe: Intelligence and Race 



269 



in the '80's, is generally considered 

 to have been better than the average 

 who remained behind. It is not likely 

 that the Russian Jews of 1880-90 

 could have yielded any such figure as 

 is here shown for Russians of the draft 

 army in general. 



Admittedly, the draft figures do not 

 lend themselves in most instances to a 

 detailed and refined analysis. For the 

 present purpose it is not at all neces- 

 sary that they should. Their general 

 trend is clear, inescapable, and incon- 

 trovertible. It shows in a most 

 striking way that the average of 

 American immigrants during the last 



quarter of a century is below that of 

 the native-born white population; and 

 that the average of the countries 

 which are sending over most of the 

 immigrants, is even lower still. This 

 last average is, indeed, so deplorably 

 low that it is a fair and serious question 

 whether the United States can eugeni- 

 cally afford to admit any more such 

 average immigrants, either without 

 any restriction, or on a percentage 

 basis. Should not the American policy 

 be that of admitting all who are 

 superior to the American average, 

 and no others? 



MANY-NODED DWARF 

 BARLEY 



Harry V. Harlax and Merritt N. Pope 



Office of Cereal Investigations, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 

 Washington, D. C. 



A BARLEY plant having a large 

 number of extremely short inter- 

 nodes and an abundance of fine 

 leaves was found at Aberdeen, Idaho, 

 in the summer of 1918. It occurred in 

 Mesa, C. I. No. 1313, an agricultural 

 variety of Hordeum distichon Jindnm. 

 This plant, which was very short, 

 developed much more slowly than its 

 neighbors, but by August 4 a single 

 fertile slightly modified spike of nearly 

 normal size had emerged, together with 

 about 6 other greatly modified spikes. 

 It was necessary to harvest the plant 

 on this date, although the foliage was 

 still green. 



This aberrant plant (Fig. 12) which 

 was grown under irrigation, measures 

 about 50 centimeters from the crown to 

 the tip of the awns. Many of the culms 

 are branched near the base. As nearly 

 as can easily be determined there are 17 

 culms, divided into 28 branches. In 

 the original plant all the culms have 

 more than the normal number of 

 nodes, and roots are found on the 

 second nodes above the crown. The 

 spike of the original plant shown in 



Figure 12 is borne upon a culm having 

 about 12 nodes. The internodes, in 

 general, become successively shorter 

 toward the apex of the culm and inerge 

 into the rachis of the spike. The three 

 lowest nodes of this spike threw off 

 branches in place of groups of spikelets 

 and the long intervening internodes 

 exhibit the zigzag appearance charac- 

 teristic of the lower part of the rachis 

 of this strain. The remaining culms 

 have many more nodes, the maximum 

 being at least 20. 



In the fall of 1918, one seed was sown 

 in the greenhouse at Arlington Farm at 

 Rosslyn, Va. This germinated and the 

 resulting plant produced a number of 

 greatly modified spikes which, in June, 

 1919, yielded a few seeds to add to the 

 small original stock. The plant grew 

 very slowly and was much taller than 

 its parent. With the increase in height 

 was an increase in the number of nodes, 

 of which there were 20 to 25 on the 

 average culm. In 1920, plants grown in 

 the greenhouse again were very tall 

 and again produced only greatly modi- 

 fied spikes. Some of the culms reached 



