52 Erstes Kapitel. Historische Eialeitung. 



*** Sponge massive, witli a tubulär cloaca. 



IV. Leucosolenia, Bowerbank. Sponge tubulär, formed of a singlc layer 

 of triradiate and other spicula. IV A. Arboiescent (1. L. botryoides). IV B. Massive 

 (Nardou, 2. L. contorta, 3. L. lucuuosa). IV C. Incrusting. Spicula miuute (4. L. 

 coriacea). 



V. Leuconia, Grant. Sponge massive, permcated by sinuous canals, strcngthened 

 with irregularly placed triradiate and other spicula (1. L. lücea, 2. L. fistulosti, 

 3. L. pumila). 



VI. Leucogypsia, Bowerbank. Sponge massive, with oscules on outer sur- 

 face and no cloaca, formed of irregularly disposed membraues and spicula (1. L. Gossei, 

 2. L. algoensis). 



VIL Clathrina, Gray. Sponge branched; branches slightly compressed, 

 variously and irregularly anastomosing. Oscules at the eud of the smaller branches. 

 Spicula triradiate, rays blunt (C. sulfurea). 



VIII. Lelapia, Gray. Sponge? Spicules calcareous, elongate fusiforrae, with 

 two raore or less elongated nearly parallel branches at one eud (L. auslralis). 



Farn. 2. Alcyoncellidae. 



Sponge tubulär, simple or branched. Outer surface tessellated, formed of Square 

 perforated cells. Oscules terminal. 



IX. A 1 cy n c e 1 1 u m , Blainville. Sponge soft, subgelatinous, slightly branched 

 (A. gelatinosnm). 



X. Dunstervillia, Bowerbank. Sponge tubulär, fusiform or globose, hispid. 

 Surface even, tessellated. Oscules Single, terminal, surrounded with two series of 

 cilia, one vertical, and the other expanded horizontally. Spicules of skeleton three- 

 rayed, rays equal; of fringe rigid, fusiform (1. D. lessetlaia, 2. D. corcyrensis). 



Fam. 3. Aphroccrasidae. 

 Sponge tubulär, branched, formed of two coats; outer coat of simple fusiform 

 spicula, placed side by side in the longitudinal axis of the stem and branches. Inner 

 coat and network of interlaced fibres, placed in all directions. Branches simple, 

 attenuated and open at the tip. 



XI. Aphroceras, Gray (A. alcicornis). 



Da dieser systematische Versuch von Gray (wenn wir von 0. Schmidt's Ein- 

 theilung der Kalkschwämme in Solüariae und Sociales absehen) bis auf meinen Pro- 

 dromus der einzige Versuch war, die Genera der Calcispongien in Familien zu ver- 

 theilen, so muss ich hier noch einige kritische Worte hinzufügen. Für Jeden, der 

 nur einigermassen mit der Systematik der Spongien vertraut ist, bedarf es keines be- 

 sonderen Hinweises darauf, dass dies Spougien-System in Bezug auf Willkühr der An- 

 ordnung, völligen Mangel an Logilc und Unuatürlichkeit der Auffassung das Aeusserste 



