2 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
indefinite, monadelphous, diadelphous, or distinct, rarely triadel- 
phous. Ovary simple, solitary, 1-celled, free from the calyx. Ovules 
several or solitary, amphitropous or rarely anatropous. Style form- 
ing a prolongation of the upper or ventral suture. Stigma simple. 
Fruit a legume, very rarely a drupe; 1-celled or more or less imper- 
fectly 2-celled by the inflexion of one or both sutures, or divided 
transversely by spurious dissepiments, generally opening at both 
the upper and lower sutures, but sometimes only at one of them, 
or indehiscent. Seeds several or solitary. Albumen none. Embryo 
with the radicle bent along the edge of the cotyledons. Cotyledons 
thick and fleshy or thin and foliaceous. 
Sus-Orper I.—PAPILIONACEA. 
Herbs (which are sometimes twining or climbing), undershrubs, 
shrubs, or more rarely trees, with simply pinnate or trifoliate, more 
rarely digitate or unifoliate leaves. Leaflets most commonly entire 
on the margins, but sometimes finely toothed. Flowers irregular, 
perfect. Calyx commonly persistent, with the sepals united at the 
base into a tube which is 5-toothed or 5-cleft: sometimes 2-lipped, 
in which case the upper lip consists of 2 and the lower of 3 sepals ; 
segments more or less distinctly imbricated in estivation. Corolla 
papilionaceous, frequently persistent and withering, consisting of 
5 petals (of which, however, some or all are occasionally abortive), 
with imbricated eestivation. Uppermost petal, named the standard 
or vexillum, exterior to the others, folded and enclosing them in 
the bud, usually the largest, frequently reflexed when the flowers 
are expanded; lateral pair of petals, called the wings or ale, 
within the standard but exterior to the lowest pair, generally flat 
or concave, erect or slightly spreading ; lowest pair of petals interior 
to all the others, connivent and generally cohering at their anterior 
edges, and together forming the keel or carina, sometimes adhering 
at the base to the wings. Stamens inserted along with the petals 
at the base of the calyx-tube, 10 (very rarely only 5) in number. 
Filaments united into a long tube, which is sometimes entire, 
sometimes longitudinally cleft (monadelphous), or the tube may 
be formed of 9 stamens, the tenth, which is the uppermost one, 
separaté (diadelphous) ; very rarely the filaments are entirely free. 
Anthers 2-lobed. Ovary not adhering to the tube of the calyx, 
