16 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
the keel, occasionally entirely white. Pod olive fawn-colour, 3 inch 
long, with a short beak bent downwards. Seeds dark reddish- 
brown, roundish, compressed, granulated with small prominent 
points, and having a deep circular depression at the hilum. Plant 
deep-green, more or less. glandular-pubescent. An undershrub, 
the greater part of the stem dying in winter, the branches at first 
unarmed, but I have never seen it without spines late in the 
season. : 
Upright Rest-Harrow. 
French, Bugrane Epineuse. German, Dornige Hauhechel. 
By old writers this plant is also called Cammock-Furze or Petty Whin. Gerarde 
says “it is sooner found than desired of husbandemen, because the tough and woodie 
rootes are cumbersome unto them, by reason they do staie the plough and make the 
oxen stande; whereupon it was called Rest Plough or Rest Harrow.” It seems 
difficult to destroy it by fallowing; and is called by old herbalists Arresta bovis 
and Remora aratri. Gerarde says: “Pliny reporteth ‘that being boyled in Oxymel 
(or the syrup made with hony and vineger) till the one half be wasted, it is given 
to those that have the falling sicknesse. The tender sprigs or crops of this shrub, 
before the thornes come forth, are preserved in pickle, and be very pleasant sauce to 
be eaten with meat as a sallad, as Dioscorides teacheth.’ ” 
op tes IL—-ONONIS ARVENSIS. Jries. 
Mr 4.¢ fy. Prare CCCXXXI. 
pd 
mo? arvénsis, “Linn.” Benth. in Eng. Bot. Sup. No. 2659. Bab. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. v. 
p. 74. Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. pp. 48 and 162 (Linn. Syst. Veg., nec. Herb.). 
\O. arvensis, “ Linn.” var. a, Hook. & Arn. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 97. Benth. Handbook 
Brit. Fl. p. 159. 
O. procurrens, Wallroth, Sched. Crit. p. 381. Gr. & Godr, Fl. de Fr. Vol. I. p. 374. 
O. repens, “Zinn.” Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. et Helv. ed. ii. p. 173. 
Rootstock very long, emitting subterranean stolons. Stem 
procumbent and rooting at the base, then ascending or prostrate ; 
rather weak, much branched, most commonly (but not always) 
without spines, glandular-hairy all round. Lower leaves trifoliate, 
the upper ones unifoliate; leaflets oblong, or oblong-obovate, 
denticulate at the margin. Flowers solitary and axillary in an elon- 
gated raceme towards the upper part of the branches. Peduncles 
shorter than the calyx. Calyx with the segments nearly equal, 
longer than the mature pod. Corolla much longer than the calyx. 
Pod erect, lenticular-ovoid, laterally compressed. Seeds 1 to 3. 
In pastures, sandy places, and on cliffs by the sea-coast. 
Common, and generally distributed, except in the extreme North of 
Scotland. 
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Summer and Autumn. 
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