154 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
The whole of this herb is powerfully astringent. The roots have been used in 
tanning, but other materials have superseded them. They yield a reddish or dull-yellow 
dye, and the Irish are said to stain their milkpails with it, in order to give a richer 
appearance to the milk. 
GENUS VIUI—FRAGARIA. Linn. 
Calyx flattish, or slightly concave, 10-partite. Segments 10, 
in 2 rows, those of the outer row (or epicalyx of bracts) smaller 
than those of the inner. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Carpels 
numerous. Receptacle convex or conical, fleshy or pulpy, at length 
separable from the calyx. Achenes dry. 
Herbs with ternate leaves and runners. Stipules adnate to the 
peduncle. Flowers white, frequently imperfectly dicecious in ter- 
minal cymes. Receptacle reddish or white, edible. 
The name of this genus of plants comes from the word fragrans, fragrant, in 
allusion to the pleasant perfume of the fruit. Lord Bacon gives the leaves credit for 
possessing this quality also, and gives the whole genus a high place in his catalogue of 
“those flowers and plants that do best perfume the air.” ~ 
SPECIES lL—FRAGARIA VESCA. Linn. 
Pruate CCCCXXXVIII. 
Leaves ternate; lateral leaflets generally sessile. Scapes hairy, 
with the hairs spreading. Pedicels with the hairs ascending or 
adpressed. Flowers perfect. Calyx spreading or reflexed after 
flowering. Fruit-receptacle globular or ovoid-conical, broad at 
the base, bearing carpels throughout. | 
In woods and shady hedge-banks. Common, and generally dis- 
tributed, extending as far North as Orkney. 
England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Early Summer. 
Rootstock terminating in a barren tuft, sending out long slender 
reddish runners, which take root at the nodes, where small leafy 
tufts are produced. Leaves radical, stalked. Leaflets oval-rhom- 
boidal, 1 to 3 inches long, unequal at the base, with the lower side 
most developed; all somewhat plicate, coarsely and deeply serrate, 
the serratures with curved sides. Stipules scarious, with a lanceolate 
free portion. Scapes lateral, generally leafless, 3 inches to 1 foot 
high, terminating in a corymbose cyme of white flowers. Lowest 
bract sometimes resembling the leaves, but most frequently reduced 
to a single leaflet, with a pair of stipules; upper bracts tripartite 
from the leaflet, being as small as the stipules. Flowers erect, 
white, $ to inch across. Outer calyx-seements nearly as long as 
