ROSACEA. 163 
rarely and only accidentally pinnate with 2 to 3 pairs of leaflets 
and an odd one; leaflets firm, green or white below, variable in 
shape, serrated. Basal portion of the stipules adnate. Flowers 
numerous, in small cymes combined into panicles. Petals oval- 
oblong, as broad as or broader than the sepals, spreading. Fruit 
not separating from the receptacle, consisting of usually numerous 
juicy cohering drupes with a rather firm skin, shining black when 
ripe, more rarely dull lurid-red, or of a few drupes with a thinner 
skin and a glaucous bloom on the surface. 
Common Bramble, Blackberry. 
French, Ronce Commune. German, Verschiedenfaubige Lrombeere. 
” 
In Worcestershire the Brambles are known by the name of “ Jawyers ;” why we 
can scarcely say ; but we can imagine that those who have been unfortunate enough 
to come within the grasp of the law may mentally experience some of the pricking and 
tearing consequent on an incautious approach to a Bramble-bush. Who, however, has 
not, in his day, been a Blackberry-gatherer, and braved the perils of scratched hands 
ject. Ihave therefore followed his division of the Brambles, only calling his species 
sub-species, although I must confess that it appears to me in some cases arbitrary to stop 
where he does, for his species contain, in several cases, various groups of forms as distinct 
from each other as his species themselves. The limits of the different groups can never 
be satisfactorily settled until they have been extensively raised from seed, in order to 
observe if any of the forms actually produce some of the others within a limited period 
of time. I understand that the experiment is being tried in the Cambridge Botanical 
Garden under the auspices of Professor Babington, and the results will no doubt appear 
in his anxiously-expected “ Monograph of the British Rubi.” 
Considering the close resemblance of the sub-species, and the impossibility of 
representing their distinctive characters in plates of the size of those in “ English 
Botany,” it has been thought that it would add needlessly to the expense of the work 
to figure each of the forms mentioned in the text. The plates of the original work and 
supplement are retained in the present edition, and two others added, which were 
required in order that each of the sections into which they are divided by Professor 
Babington might be represented. 
My warmest thanks are due to the Rev. A. Bloxam (whose knowledge of this 
difficult genus is second only to Professor Babington’s) for the assistance he has kindly 
rendered me, without which I could not have relied on the nomenclature of my speci- 
mens. Mr. Bloxam has not only named my very numerous specimens of Brambles, 
and sent me examples of most of those which were absent from my herbarium, but has 
also supplied me with numerous notes upon the more obscure forms. 
For Professor Babington’s latest views on the genus I have trusted to the large 
collection of Rubi of the late Mr. Borrer, in the Kew Herbarium, which have been 
named by Professor Babington. When these appear to differ from the species of the 
“Manual ” (ed. v.), I have, however, still followed the latter as the latest published 
authority. 
