202 ENGLISH BOTANY. 
clothed with dark purple or black gland-tipped hairs intermixed 
with white woolly ones, which are most abundant on the margins. 
Petals usually 8 in number, longer than the calyx, oblong-elliptical 
or oval. Achenes oblong, convex on the outer side, pointed, hispid, 
terminating in a long tail from 1 to 2 inches long, which is plumose 
with long white spreading hairs. Leaves rugose, deep-green, 
shining above, pure white beneath (except on the veins) from a 
dense felt of white hairs. Petioles and under side of the veins with 
woolly hairs. Peduncles with white woolly hairs and stouter 
reddish purple gland-tipped ones, similar to those on the sepals, 
but less numerous. 
Var. @ I have not seen. The calyx in the common plant is 
quite as often flat and truncate as not, so that character is of no 
importance: Professor Babington now considers it a variety of D. 
octopitala. 
Mountain Avens. 
French, Dryade & huit Pétals. German, Achtblittrige Dryade. 
Trine IV.—ROSIDA. 
Prickly shrubs with regularly pinnate leaves, with a few pairs of 
pinne, very rarely none. Calyx-tube urceolate-ovoid or subglobose ; 
segments sometimes deciduous in fruit. Petals large, generally 
pink, red, or white, more rarely yellow. Stamens indefinite. Carpels 
numerous, in several whorls, arranged on the concave disk which 
lines the tube of the calyx. Styles lateral. Fruit consisting of 
dry achenes enclosed in the tube of the calyx,* which becomes 
fleshy at maturity and gives it the appearance of an inferior fruit. 
GENUS XIT—ROSA. Tournef. 
Calyx with an urceolate or subglobose tube (the excavated 
apex of the peduncle?) contracted at the mouth by a fleshy ring; 
segments 5, rarely 4, herbaceous, frequently pinnatifid, persistent 
or deciduous. Petals as many as the calyx-segments, inserted into 
the throat of the calyx. Stamens numerous, inserted with the 
petals. Ovaries included in the calyx-tube; ovules solitary, pen- 
dulous ; styles lateral, coming through an aperture in the centre 
of the disk which closes the mouth of the calyx-tube. Achenes — 
*- Although the fleshy sac which encloses the carpels is usually called the tube of 
the calyx, it is quite probable that it really consists of the excavated apex of the 
peduncle or thalamus. 
