IX. 
THE WATER-SUPPLY OF EAST KENT, IN CONNECTION 
WITH NATURAL SPRINGS AND DEEP WELLS. 
BY 
GEORGE DOWKER, F.G.S. 
Read May 1886. 
HE numerous demands made upon our underground water-supply, 
both for sewage and sanitary as well as brewing purposes, 
render the subject of my paper a matter of deep and serious im- 
portance. 
I shall set forth in the first place the rise and course of the rivers, 
and in the next place the wells, especially the deep ones in the Chalk 
area; and I propose to show the connection between the height of 
the springs and the rainfall of the district. 
Although I have chosen for the title of this paper “The Water- 
supply of East Kent,” I must premise that the area to which I shall 
confine my remarks is chiefly East Kent as represented by a line 
from West Hythe to Whitstable and eastwards, and generally to that 
part of Kent included in the new one-inch maps, numbered Sheets 
273, 274, 289, 290, 305, 306, which combined will form a very good 
map of reference to my paper. 
The well-sections are many of them unpublished, but my remarks 
will chiefly be directed to their water-level rather than their geolo- 
gical features. 
The section I have constructed from West Hythe to the north of 
Canterbury will show the general dip of the beds of the whole area, 
and define approximately the thickness of the underlying beds: 
I say approximately, for the beds below the Chalk vary in relative 
thickness, and between the Gault and the Wealden beds we may 
expect to find (after the facts revealed in the deep well-section at 
Dover Convict Prison, where the Lower Greensand is only repre- 
sénted by 31 feet of clayey sand) no certainty as to thickness or 
character.! : 
The bed called Upper Greensand between the Gault and Chalk 
1 See Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xlii. p. 36. 
