66 TELEOSTEI : EVENTOGNATIII. — XII. 



ynunsf with dusky lateral shade. Head 4^; depth 4 J. D. 8. A. 8. 

 Scales G-.'iO-5. L. 12. Mis.»ouri Hasin, abundant in river chan- 

 nels, N. to Saskatchewan, S. to Cairo, 111. (Lat., slender.) 



63. SEMOTILUS Rafincsque. ((rrjfia, banner; the remainder, 

 according to liafinesque, means " spotted.") 



a. Sonlps scnrrcly crowded anteriorly, about 8-45-5; no black spot at base 

 of doj-sal in front. 



148. S. bullaris (Rafinesque). Fam.-fisii. Chub. Roach. 

 D. inserted midway between nostril and base of V. ; barbel very 

 small; eye 1^ in hcail ; 22 scales before 1). Bluish above, sides 

 silviry; tins plain. Head 4 ; depth 4. 1). 8. A. 8. L. 18. Quebec 

 to Va., abundant E., the largest of the d/prinidu; E. of the Kocky 

 Mts. On the Pacific slope are species (J'li/rhochcilus, Mi/l<ipfiaro- 

 tlon, etc.) 5 to 6 feet in length. "The chub is a soft fish; it tastes 

 like brown-paper salted." {Thoreau.) (Lat., bulla, bubble.) 



aa. Scales small, crowded anteriorly, about 10-54-7; lat. 1.52 to 05; a round- 

 ish black spot at base of D. in front. 



149. S. atromaculatus (Mitchill). IIohxkd Dace. Creek 

 Chub. 1). inserted midway between ])Upil and base C; body 

 robust; head large and broad; barbel minute, not evident in the 

 young; moutli large, lower jaw included ; eye small; 30 scales be» 

 fore 1). Dusky, little silvery, a dark bar at shoulder; young with 

 dark lateral band ; ^ more or less red and with coar.se tubercles 

 in spring. Head 3|; depth 4. D. 7. A. 8. L. 12, or less. W. 

 Mass. to Dakota, Va. and La., very abundant, especially in small 

 clear brooks. Variable. (Scmolihts corporalis of authors, not oV 

 Mitchill.) (Lat. atcr, black; rnaculaltis, spotted.) 



64. PHOXINUS Agassiz. Dace. 



(As here understood, a very large genus, one of the largest In 

 Ichthyology, comprising a great number of species, mostly of 

 Europe, Asia, and Western North America, distingui.shed from 

 Notropis, in general by the better developed dentition ; tlie teeth 

 2,4-5, 2, or 2, 5-5, 2, and by the larger size of the body; the 

 scales being in general smaller than in Nntro/>is. "We here unite 

 Si/ufilius (lat. 1. comjjlete) with Phnriiius (lat. 1. incomplete). 

 A\ hen we consider European species only, the two geiu-ra apjiear 

 to be widely .se|)arated, but the intergradation is almost perfect 

 when American species are taken into account. (Old name from 

 (f>'>^6{, ta[)ering.) 



a. Lateral line complete (Siptnlius Bonaparte). 



b. Teeth without grinding surface; caudal peduncle rather slender; anal 

 batiiB short. 



