142 TKLLOSTKI : ACANTllOrTKi;!. — XX. 



an. VertobrH! typically 10 + 14; second anal snine well developed. (Sci- 



teiiiiut.) 

 X. Lower pliaryn^jeals separate. 

 y. Lower jaw without barbels. 



c. Teeth well develdin^d, permanent in both jaws; lower pharyngeals 



narrow, witii sh:ir|i teeth. 



d. Gill rakers slender, rather long; mouth dblitjue; A. inserted rnther 



posteriorly; preorbiial narrow; slits and pores of upper jaw little 



developed; jireoperele serrate, its lowest spine enlarged, turned 



downward; head not very broad, not spongy above. 



Haikuiella, 174. 



dd. Gill rakers rather short and thick; anal further fonvard; snout 



with large pores, and 2 to 4 slits on its edge; preorbital broad ; 



mouth inferior Sci.ena, 175. 



cc. Teeth very small, subequal, those in lower jaw lost with age; lower 

 pharyngeals broad, with paved teeth; gill rakers short, but slender, 



otherwise as in Scicena Leiosto.mus, 17G. 



yy. Lower jaw with one or more barbels (other>vise essentially as in Sci- 

 ana). 

 e. Lower jaw with several slender barbels at its rami; prcopercle 



serrate MicuoroiioN. 177. 



ee. Lower Jaw with one tliickish barbel at its tip; no air-bladder; 

 anal spine single; body long and low; preo)»ercle crenulate. 



Mknticikkhus, 178. 

 XX. Lower pharyngeals very large, completely united, with coarse paved teeth; 

 snout, etc., as in Sci(tna. 



f. Lower jaw with numerous barbels along the rami; preopercle 



nearly entire Pogomas, 179. 



ff. Lower jaw without barbels; preopercle obscurely serrate. 



Al'LODINOTUS, 180. 



173. CYNOSCION GiU. (icwoi/, ilog ; (TKiawa. sciana.) 



a. Soft dorsal and anal closely scaled. 



/j. Hack and sides nearly uniform silvery, without spots. 



3K7. C. nothua (llolhrook). Wiiitk Wkak-fish. Body rather 

 deep; snout short, bhintish; eye very large, 4 in head. Head 3^ ; 

 depth 3f. D. X-1,-28. A. II, 9. Scales 6-60-7. L. 12. Va. 

 to Fla. (Lat., spurious.) 



bb. Back and sides with irregular dark spots in undulating streaks. 



.S«8. C. regalis (Hloch & Sehneidcr). Wkak-fisii. Sque- 

 TKAr.L'E. Silvery, brownish above, and with bright refleetionp; fins 

 without distinct spots; snout sharp; eye inodt-rate, .') to 7 in head. 

 Head 3^; <lepth 4\. I). X-1. 2!). A. I, 13. Lat. 1. KO. L. 2^ 

 feet. Cape Cod to Fla., an abundant and most excellent food-fish. 

 aa. Soft dorsal Rcaleless; back and upper tins with many conspicuous round 

 black spots. 

 389. C. nebuloaus fCuv. & Val.). Spotted Weak-fisfi. Sil- 

 very, back i)luish. Head 3^ ; depth 5. D. X-1, 25. A. 1,10. 



