144 TELEOSTEI : ACANTIIOITERI. — XX. 



gray, usually witli faint ohIi([ue bars; snout projt-ctinp;. Head 3 J ; 

 iK-j)th 4. I). X -1, 25. A. I, 7. Lat. 1. G5. Md. to Hrazil, almn- 

 dant S. {M. nihurnus L.) 

 bb. Outer toetli of upper jaw little enlarged; lower lobe of C. mostly black. 



395. M. saxatilis (iilocli). KiN(i-Ki.sn. Hakh. Ska Mi.nk. 

 D. high. ])u.-ky gray, the hack and siih's with oldiinu' dark cmss- 

 bands ; one at tlie nape vertical, forming with the next a V-shaped 

 bloteh; a dark lateral streak, extending on C. Head 4 ; depth 4^. 

 1). X- 1, 26. A. I, 8. Scales 7-53-14. L. 18. Cape Cod to Fla., 

 common N. (Lat., living among rocks.) 



aa. Gill rakers present, small; lower pharj-ngeals broad, their teeth mostly 

 molar; outer teeth scarcely enlarged ; scales on breast small. {Um- 

 brula Jordan & Eigenmann.) 



396. M. littoralia (Holhrook). Silver Whiting. Sukf 

 WiiiTiNC. Snuut projecting, ^'^ in head ; maxillary to eye, 3^ in 

 head. Silver-gray, almost plain ; tip of C black. Head 3^ ; depth 

 4f. D. X-1,24.' A. I, 7. Scales G-53-1 2. L. 18. Va. to Texas. 

 (Lat., belonging to the shore.) 



179. POGONIAS L;icepe<le. (Trwycomif, bearde<l.) 



397. P. cromia (L.)- I^kum. Robust; 2d A. spine large. 

 Grayish-silvery or brassy ; 4 or 5 dark vertical bars lost with age. 

 Head 3^; depth 2^. D. X-1, 20. A. H, 6. Lat. 1. 50. L. 4 feet. 

 Cape Cod to Brazil. (Old name from XP*M<^» *•' neigh.) 



180. APLODINOTUS Rafinesque. (dTrXdor, simple ; i/wror, 

 back.) . 



398. A. gninniens (Rafinesque). Fkesh -watkh Dimm. 

 Gaspkrc.ou. " SiiicKP'.s-HKAT)." WiiiTK Pkhch. Ckoakkk. 

 TllUNDKR-PllMPER. Snout blunt ; back compresseil ; 2d A. spine 

 very strong; C. rhombic. Grayish-silvery, more or less dotted. 

 Head 3^ ; depth 3. D. IX -1,30. A. H, 7. l>at. h 55. L. 2 feet 

 or more. Great Lakes to Texas and Ga., al)undant ; a large, coarse 

 fish of the larger streams and lakes. (Lat., grunting.) 



Family LXIX. GERRID^. (The Moiiarras.) 



Body compressed, with large, smoothish scales; lateral line con- 

 tintious ; mouth small, the premaxillary excessively protractile, the 

 spines of the premaxilhiries extending backward in a deej) groove 

 on top of head ; maxillary simple, not sheathed by the narrow pre- 

 orbital; mandible scaly, with a slit l)ehind it, to permit motion; 

 teeth small, in jaws only ; preoi)ercle entire or serrate ; pseudo- 

 branchia' concealed ; gills normal ; gill membranes separate ; lower 

 pharyngejil lx)ncs close together, usu:illy loosely united ; D. single, 

 with 9 spines; A. with 3 or l\\.\,b\ air-bladder present. Vert*>- 



