152 TELEOSTEI: ACANTHOPTEKI. — XX. 



each side ; prcopercle with a very long roujrh spine ; opercle 

 small; isthmus very broad, scaly: gill rakers minute; uioiitli 

 small, with granular teeth in jaws only ; tail with 2 serrate, kniif- 

 like appendages. Spinous 1). short, its first spines free; an im- 

 movable spine between dorsals; C small, lunate; P, divided to 

 base, the anterior part corresponding to the free rays in Trit/lidce, 

 of about G r.ivs connected l>y nH'nil)rane; the posterior part very 

 long (reaching C. in adult), the rays slender and simjde; V. close 

 together, I, 4. Air bladder complex; vertebrai 9-|-13. Two 

 species in the warm seas, able to flutter for short distances in 

 the air. 



194. CEPHALACANTHUS Lace'pede. ((cf^aX.?, head; 

 uKavOa, spine.) 

 a. Occiput without filament. 



422. C. volitans (L.). Flying Gi'RNARD. Sea Korix. 

 Greenish and brown, mottled with orange or red, the belly usually 

 orange; P. with blue streaks and spots; C. with reddish bars. 

 Color very vari.able. Head 4^ ; depth 5^. D. II, IV -8, A. 6. 

 P. 28-6. 'l. 12. Atlantic, N. to Xewf'd. {Eu.) (Lat., flying.) 



Family LXXVI. TRIGLID^. (The Gurnards.) 



Body !<ubfusiform, covered with scales or bony plates; head 

 entirely covered with rough bones, most of them armed with 

 spines; mouth moderate, with small teeth or none; maxillary 

 simple; gills 4, a slit behind fourth; pseudobranchiae present; 

 V. I, 5, wide apart, separated by a flat area. Spinous D. short; 

 A. without spines ; C. narrow. P. large, with broad base, the 

 2 or 3 lowermost rays detached from the rest and sejjarate. Air 

 bladder present. Vertebrae about 24, as in nearly all tropical 

 fishes. Genera 5 ; species 40, in all warm seas. (rpiyXa, old 

 name of Mulltts.) 



a. Body seal}*; teeth present on jaws, vomer and palatines; free P., rays 3. 



PRIO.VOTIS, 11)5. 



195. PRIONOTUS Lacepede. Sea Robins, (npiuv, saw; 

 i/toTor, back.) 

 a. SInufh rather small, the maxillary not J head; a cross-groove on top of 

 head behind eye; a black ocillated spot on spinous D. 



423. P. carolinus (L.). Body rather stout ; preopercular spine 

 with no smaller one before it; P. short, not ^ body ; P. apj)endages 

 broadened at tip; gill rakers about 10; bones of head compara- 

 tively smooth. Olive, bnck with 4 dark cross-shades; pale oblique 

 streaks on 1st D. Head 3; <lepth .5. I). X-13. A. 12. Lat. 1. 

 58 (pores). L. 12. Cape Ann to .S. C. (S. oci-urs P. scitulus 

 J. & G., slender, with short head and <potte(l body.) 



