PLETHODONTIDiE. — CII. 1 79 



aaaa. Costal grooves 14. 



501. A. microstomum (Cope). Blackish, usually with plumbeous 

 shades and sj)ecks ; head small, short, broad ; body slender ; skin 

 very smooth and slippery ; snout very short, the lower jaw project- 

 ing beyond it. Costal grooves 14. Ohio to Kansas and S. (fiiKpos, 

 small ; arofia, mouth.) 



Family CII. PLETHODONTID^, 



Vertebrae amphicoelian ; carpus and tarsus cartilaginous ; para- 

 sphenoid with one or two lamina; which are covered bv a coarse 

 brush of teeth which look downwards on roof of mouth. The 

 species with c>'lindric tails rarely or never enter water. Genera 1 1 ; 

 species 35 ; chiefly North American. 



a. Tongue attached by a band rnnning from its central or posterior pedicel to 

 the anterior margin ; premaxillanes two, with fontauelle. 



b. Toes 4-4 HEMinAOTVLTtTM. 256. 



bb. Toes 4-5 Plethouon, 257. 



aa. Tongue free all around, attached by its central pedicel only; toes 4-5, all 

 free. 



c. Fremaxillaries two, with fontanelle Gybinophilus, 258. 



cc. Premaxillary single, with fontanelle Spelekpes, 259. 



256. HEMIDACTYLIUM Tschudi. {^^i-, half ; 8dKrvXos, toe.) 



502. H. scutatum (Schlegel). Brown above; snout yellow; 

 whitish below, with dots like ink spots ; body short ; tail slender ; 

 skin of back with depressions resembling scales. Costal grooves 

 13. L. 2^. R. I. to 111., and S. -^.^^IM^ A-<»Xt7w>-cUvA£xV 



257. PLETHODON Tschudi. (nX^dos, crowd ; ^8,i>v, tooth.) 



a. Costal groove IG to 18 ; palatine teeth not extending outward beyond inner 



nares. 



503. P. cinereus (Green). Plumbeous above, often with a 

 broad brownish red dorsal band ; belly marbled ; body very slen- 

 der ; tail cylindric ; inner toes rudimentary. L. 34. E. U. S. 

 common under logs, etc. ; nocturnal in habit and very active.' 

 (P. erythrunotus Green.) '^\Ji-^ l>tKjjAjLiL a^UL^v^'mJL-v^.J^V^' 



aa. Costal grooves 14; palatine teeth extending outside of inner nares. 



504. P. glutinosus (Green). Black, usually with bluish-white 

 blotclies and specks; stout; tail rounded, inner toes well de- 

 veloped. L. 5 to 7. E. U. S., chiefly terrestrial. i£l>v. ...JL^^ 



253. GYRINOPHILUS Cope. (y^pZ^o., ta.lpole ; <piXo., lovei>) 



50.-;. G. porphyriticus (Green). Yellowish or purplish brown 



above.. jrregularK- blotched with j^ray ; head broad; tail rounded at 



