268 AVES: IMCI. — XLIV. 



444. SPHYRAPICUS Bainl. (acftOpa, hammer; Plcus.) 

 SIS. S. varius (^L.). Yki.i-ow-ijki.lied Woodj'kckkk. lilack 

 and whitish aliovc; black on breast; ruinp nii.xed black and white; 

 belly more or less yellowish; sides streaked with dusky; a white 

 win;; j)atch ; (juills with white spots ; crown red in adult ^ and 

 usually 9 iilso; chin scarlet, throat black in ^ ; both white in 9, 

 youM'j; dull brownish. L. 8^. W. 4|. T. 3^. N. Am., not rare, 

 the only woodpecker which ever injures trees. 



445. CEOPHLCBUS Cabanis. (H,/lato>nus ^ Raird.) 

 (xt'o). It) .-^plit ; 0\otdr, bark.) 

 8-jn. C. pileatuB (L.). Logcock. Black; white streak down 

 neck; <'resl and cheek patch scarlet in ^\ checks and front of 

 crest black in 9 . L. 18. W. 9^. T. 7. N. Am. ; in licavy tim- 

 ber, a shy bird, now rare; subspec. abieticola Bangs, northward. 



446. MELANERPES Swainson. (fieXas, black ; (pTnjs. creeper.) 



a. Back, scapulars and wing-coverts glossy blue-black (grayish in young). 

 (Mctaiwrpcs.) 



850. M. erythrocephalus (L.). Red-headed "Woodpeckeu. 

 Wliole head and neck crimson in both sexes, bordered below by 

 black ; belly, rump, secondaries, etc., pure white; rest of body glossy 

 blue-black. L. !)^. W. 5^. T. 3§. E. U. S., rare in X. E., very 

 abundant W. (f'pvOpos, red ; Kf(f)a\T], head.) 



aa. Back, scajnilars ami wiiifis barred with white. (Centitrus Swainson.) 



851. M. carolinus (L.). Rkd-iu:i,i,iei) Woodi-eckkr. Gray- 

 isli, much barred above with black and white; belly ]iale ashy, more 

 or less reddish-tinged; crown and nape crimson in ^. ashy in 9' 

 L. DJ. W. 5. T. 3^. E. U. 8., rather S., common W. 



447. COLAPTES Swainson. (>coXa7rTi7f, chisel.) 



852. C. auratus (L.). Yellow-IIammeu. Flicker. Golden- 

 winged WooDrEC'KER. HiGH-lIoLER. Hcad ashy, with red 

 nuchal crescent ; back drab-color, barred witli black ; rump white ; 

 below pinkish brown shading into yellowish; a black crescent on 

 breast ; belly with numerous round black spots ; .«liafts and under 

 surfaces of (juills golden yellow ; J witli a black maxillary jiatch. 

 L. 12^. W. a. T. 4^. E. N. Am., abundant; subspec. luteua 

 Bangs N. 



85;{. C. cafer (Gmclin). IIed-sh.\kted Elicker. Quills with 

 orange red instead of golilen ; maxillary patches in ^ red instead 



> The earlier name Ht/lalomM U set aside by the A. O. U. on aceount of the still 

 earlier Hyhtoma, n genua of Insects. I have elsewhere maintained that " A name is 

 a mime without necessary niejininK," and then-fore that generic names are differi'iit 

 unless siwlled alike, even tliougli derived from tlie same Greek root, I prefer to use 

 Jlylatomiit, Errmojihiln, fjn(irichila, Liiennin, Icterin, Ccntmif, Htlrrwlnntui, and similar 

 names, notwithstanding their similarity to Hylotoma, Ercmophilus, Lagochcilus, 

 Luatniis, Iclrrim, t.'tjitnrus, and JlrUrwIon. 



