272 AVES : PASSERES. — XLYI. 



c. Ilimler odfjc of tarsus not comprcsfsed, rounded and scufpllatc like 

 auti-rior I'dgc; hind claw very long, straightisb; developi-d pri- 



niaricH 9 Alavdid.k, 164. 



cc. HlniliT I'dge of tarsus compressed, forming a sharp ridge, for tlie 

 must part unilividcd. 

 d. I'riniariis apparently but 9 (the first minute and displaced) : the first 

 ilovcloped («'. e. second) primary about as long as the next; bill not 

 hooked at tip. 

 e. Bill not lissirostral, the gape little longer than the culmen ; outer 

 primary never twice as long as inner, 

 y. Hill " conirostral," stout at base, with the commissure forming 

 a more or less distinct angle at base of bill, " the comers of 

 the mouth " drawn downward. 

 g. Bill rather long, often longer than head, without notch at tip 



or bristles at the rictus Ii TKUin.t:, 166. 



gg. Bill shorter than head, often notched near tip, and usually 



with bristles at the rictus FRiN(;ii.i,n).K, 167. 



J/. Bill not truly conirostral (the comers of mouth not evidently 



drawn downward). 



h. Bill stout (conical in our species, the cutting edge with one 



or more lobes or nicks near its middle); nostrils placed 



high, exposed; (plumage chiefly red or yellow, in our 



species) TANACKin.t:, 168. 



hh. Bill rather slender, not conical; angle of gonys not be- 

 fore nostril. 

 »". Hind claw short and curved, mostly shorter than its toe; 

 tertials not elongate, not nearly reaching tips of pri- 

 maries Mniotiltid.k, 173. 



ii. Hind claw long and straightish, mostly longerthan its foe; 

 tertials much elongate, nearly reaching tifis of jiriniaries. 



M<>TA< II.l ID.K, 174. 



ee. Bill tissirosfral. — the culmen very short, the gape very broad, 

 its length more than twice the culmen; wings very acute, the 

 outer primary more than twice length ol' innermost. 



HiKUNniNin.K, 160. 

 cW. Primaries evidently ten, the first developed, but short, rarely half 

 the length of the ne.xt; (first primary obsolete in some Vireos, 

 known by the slightly hooked bill). 

 j. Tarsus distinctly scutcUate. 



k. Tarsus not longer than middle toe with claw; bill 

 short, depressed; (head crested ; tail tipped with yel- 

 low, in our species) A.mtklid.k, 170. 



kk. Tarsus longer than middle toe and claw (or if not, 

 other characters not as above). 

 I. Bill strongly hooked and toothed at tip, somewhat 



like a hawk's bill La.mik.e, 171. 



//. Hill slightly hooked at tip; (plumage more or le.ss 



olivaceous) ViKKONiD.*:, 172. 



III. Bill not evidently hooked at tip. 

 m. Tail feathers stiff, pointed; bill decun'ed. 



CERTiiiin.F., 176. 

 mm. Tail feathers more or less soft and rounded. 

 M. Nasal feathers directed forwards, usually cov- 

 ering the nostrils. 



