300 AVES : PASSERES. — XLVI. 



tions. The adult males of the different species are readily dis- 

 tin<i;uished, but 9 ^"•^^ young offer difliculties. The tail feathers 

 are always marked Avitli white or yellow, and the bill is usually 

 little pointed, notched, and with evident bristles at the rictus. 



The following artificial analysis, partly taken from Coues's 

 " Key," will generally enable the student to distinguish speci- 

 mens, at least the males in full plumage : — 



a. Tail feathers edged with j-el low; plumage chiefly yellow. . cestiva,QG9. 

 aa. Tail feathers blotched with white. 

 b. A white blotch oa the primaries near their bases; no wing bars. 



ccerukscens, 970. 

 bb. No white blotch on primaries. 

 c. Wing bars, if present, not white. 

 d. White below; crown and wing patch more or less yellow. 



pennsylvanica, 974. 

 dd. Yellow below; sides reddish-streaked ; crown chestnut. 



palmarum, 983. 

 ddd. Yellow below; sides black-streaked. 



e. Back olive with reddish spots discolor, 982. 



ee. Back ashy kirtlandi, 981. 



cc. Wing bars or wing patch white. 

 J'. Rump 3'ellow. 



g. Crown clear ash; yellow and streaked below, maculosa, 972. 

 gff. Crown with yellow spot; white and streaked below. 



coronata, 971. 

 ggg. Crown black with a median stripe of orange brown ; an 



orange brown ear-spot tigrina, 9()8. 



ff. Rump not yellow. 



h. Crown with orange or yellow spot; throat orange or yellow. 



blackOarnuK, 978. 

 hh. Crown black ; no distinct j'ellow anywhere ; much streaked. 



striata, 976. 

 hhh. Crown blue or greenish, like the back ; no definite yellow. 



rara, 973. 

 hhhh. Crown chestnut, like the throat; no definite yellow; 



buffy below castantn, 975. 



hhhhh Crown bluish or j'cUowish, not as above, — some yel- 

 low. 

 i. Throat black (sometimes obscured by yellow tips to 

 feathers) ; outer tail feather white-edged, virens, 979. 

 u. Throat j-ellow. 

 j. Back ashy blue ; checks black. . . . dominica, 977. 

 jj. Back yellowish olive; cheeks same. . . vigorsi, \i%(). 



We copy from Coues's Key the following valuable diagnostic marks 

 of Warblers in any plumage : — 



A white spot at base of primaries ccerulescens, 970. 



Wings and tail dusky, edged witli yellow nstit^, 069. 



Wing bars and belly yellow discolor, 982. 



