338 MAMMALIA : UNGULATA. — LII. 



literates the blood-vessels supplying the velvet, which dries up and 

 is stripped off, leaving the bone hard and insensible ; the horns or 

 " antlers " are shod annually, the separation of the " beam " from 

 its " pedicel " taking place just below the burr ; antlers are want- 

 ing in the female (excepting in the Reindeer), hut they are present 

 in the male of nearly all species. Stomach in four divisions, 

 of the ordinary ruminant pattern. Dental formula, i. ^:^ ; c. 

 (usually) J ; pni. |:| ; m. |;|. A widely distributed family of 

 about 13 genera. 



a. Horns present in males only. 

 6. Horns rounded more or less; rarely sub-palmated ; nose naked and moist, 

 c. Horns small, curving forward, the first snag short, at some distance 

 above the base, and like the others curving upward; tail rather long; 



hoofs rather elongate Odocoileus, 588. 



cc. Horns large, curving backward, with the snags all directed forward, 

 one of them immediately above the burr; tail very short; hoofs 



broad and rounded Ceuvus, 589. 



bb. Horns very broadly palmated to the tip; nose very broad, entirely 



hairy except a small naked spot between nostrils. . . Alces, 590. 



aa. Horns (present in both sexes) broadly palmated at tip; nose entirely 



hairy Rangifek, 591. 



588. ODOCOILEUS Rafiuesque. (68ovs, tooth ; koTXos, hollow.) 



1118. O.i americanu8(Erxleben). Virginia Deer. Red Deek. 

 General color chestnut red, grayish in winter ; tail white below. 

 Maine to Great Plains and S., formerly very common, and still 

 abundant in wild districts. Subspec. macrooms (Kafines(iue). 

 WiiiTK Tailed Deer. Yellowish gray, waved with dusky; 

 lower side of tail, etc., white; chin mostly white; size of preced- 

 ing. Dak. to Texas and VV. (fxaKpos, long; ovpu, tail.) 



1119. O. hemionus (Rafinesque). Mi'le Deer. Larger; ears 

 very long, nearly as long as tail. Ashy In-own, a darker dorsal 

 stripe. Dak. to Ore. and S. (rjfu-, half; Svos, ass, mule.) 



589. CERVUS Linnajus. (Lat., stag.) 



1120. C. canadensis (P>xleben). Wapiti. Chestnut red, 

 grayish in winter; size nearly e(]ual to that of the Moose. N. Y. 

 to Wis., Wyo. and W., formerly S. to Tenn., now becoming rare, 

 extinct eastward; commonly and wrongly called " Klk " in America; 

 a noble animal related to the great Stag of Europe, Cervus elap/iux 

 L. the " tall deer," beloved of England's sportsman-kings. 



590, ALCES Gray. (From Elk.) 



1121. A. americanuB .lardine. Moose. Trte Elk. Tawny 

 above, yell(lwi^■h IhIdw; ears large; profde of snout very convex. 



* ThU ia O. virtjininnu.i (Boddoert), but Erxlobcu's dudo Ib older, U Available, M 

 claimed by Mr. Outraiu Uaiigs. 



